| 法律 |
damaging words (устная); defamatory imputation; defamation of character; calumny; defamation (разглашение позорящих другое лицо правдивых сведений; in law, attacking another's reputation by a false publication (communication to a third party) tending to bring the person into disrepute. The concept is an elusive one and is limited in its varieties only by human inventiveness. ... Generally defamation requires that the publication be false and without the consent of the allegedly defamed person. Words or pictures are interpreted according to common usage and in the context of publication. Injury only to feelings is not defamation; there must be loss of reputation. The defamed person need not be named but must be ascertainable. A class of persons is considered defamed only if the publication refers to all its members–particularly if the class is very small–or if particular members are specially imputed. Libel and slander are the legal subcategories of defamation. Generally libel is defamation in print, pictures, or any other visual symbols. Slander is spoken defamation. The advent of electronic communications has complicated the classification somewhat. Some countries treat radio defamation as libel, others as slander. Television presents similar problems. ... Actual truth of the publication is usually a defense to a charge of defamation. Legal privilege arising from a special relationship or position also relieves liability (U.S. senators, for example, cannot be prosecuted for anything they say on the floor of the Senate). In certain areas the mass media have broad discretion under the doctrine of "fair comment and criticism," but such comment must pertain to a person's work–not private affairs–and must be factually accurate. Britannica Alexander Demidov); defamation (разглашение позорящих другое лицо правдивых требований); belibel; slander |
