| 一般 |
федеральная земля (напр., в ФРГ, Австрии. Federated state Upper Austria | The German federated state (Land) of Schleswig-Holstein is discussing official status for three minoritised languages there: Low German, Danish and North... Alexander Demidov); федеральный субъект (A federated state (which may be referred to as a state, a province, a canton, a Land, etc.) is a territorial and constitutional community forming part of a federal union (federation). Such states differ from fully sovereign states, in that they have transferred a portion of their sovereign powers to a federal government. … A federated state holds administrative jurisdiction over a defined geographic territory and is a form of regional government. ... Once a federal constitution is formed, the rules governing the relationship between federal and regional powers become part of the country's constitutional law and not international law. In countries with federal constitutions, there is a division of power between the central government and the component states. These entities – states, provinces, cantons, Lдnder, etc. – are partially self-governing and are afforded a degree of constitutionally guaranteed autonomy that varies substantially from one federation to another. Depending on the form the decentralization of powers takes, a federated state's legislative powers may or may not be overruled or vetoed by the federal government. Laws governing the relationship between federal and regional powers can be amended through the federal constitution and state constitutions. WK Alexander Demidov) |
