| posp. |
public works (Public works (or internal improvements historically in the United States) are a broad category of infrastructure projects, financed and constructed by the government, for recreational, employment, and health and safety uses in the greater community. They include public buildings (municipal buildings, schools, hospitals), transport infrastructure (roads, railroads, bridges, pipelines, canals, ports, airports), public spaces (public squares, parks, beaches), public services (water supply, sewage, electrical grid, dams), and other, usually long-term, physical assets and facilities. Though often interchangeable with public infrastructure and public capital, public works does not necessarily carry an economic component, thereby being a broader term. WK Alexander Demidov); compulsory community service (в УК РК. Более буквальный перевод с русского. Leonid Dzhepko) |
| ochr.środ. |
voluntary work (Unpaid activities done by citizens often organized in associations, to provide services to others, particularly to elderly and poor people, handicapped, etc.; Неоплачиваемая деятельность, выполняемая гражданами, часто организованными в ассоциации, для обслуживания других лиц, особенно престарелых, неимущих или физически неполноценных) |
