Benedict(XIII) (Antipope from 1394 to 1423 who maintained to the end of his life that he was the rightful Pope and created four new cardinals as late as November 1422; XIII); Benedict(XIV) (Counter-antipope from 1425 to с 1433 who so secretly conducted his office that even his residence was uncertain, and he thus became known as the "hidden Pope"; XIV)
Benedict(Pope from 1914 to 1922. His last years were concerned with readjusting the machinery of papal administration made necessary by the territorial changes that followed the war and with directives on missionary work)
Benedict(Pope from 1724 to 1730 who continued the opposition of the papacy to Jansenism, although allowed the Dominicans to preach the Augustinian doctrine of grace, which bordered on the Jansenist teaching. A scholar, Benedict wrote many theological works)
Benedict(Pope from 974 to 983. He furthered the cause of monasticism and acted against simony, specifically in an encyclical letter in 981 forbidding the exaction of money for the conferring of any holy order)
Benedict(X) (Antipope from April 1058 to January 1059. His expulsion from the papal throne was followed by a reform in the law governing papal elections)
Benedict(Pope from 1334 to 1342; he was the third pontiff to reign at Avignon, where he devoted himself to reform of the church and its religious orders)
Benedict(Pope from 1740 to 1758. His intelligence and moderation won praise even among deprecators of the Roman Church at a time when it was beset by criticism from the philosophers of the Enlightenment and its prerogatives were being challenged by absolutist monarchs)
Benedict HI(Pope from 855 to 858 who was chosen as successor to Leo IV in July 855. He reprimanded the Frankish bishops, whose inaction he blamed as the source of misery in their empire. Benedict also was responsible for the repair of Roman churches damaged by the Saracens in 846)
Benedict(Pope from 1012 to 1024, the first of several pontiffs from the powerful Tusculani family. A council summoned by Benedict at Pavia, Lombardy, in 1022, forbade uncelibate clergy and the sale of church offices)
