гравитационная модель торговли(The gravity model of international trade in international economics, similar to other gravity models in social science, predicts bilateral trade flows based on the economic sizes (often using GDP measurements) and distance between two units. Ole-sandra)
экспортно-сырьевая модель развития(which shows that Russia, at least in the short-run between 2007 and 2011, is achieving its stated goal of transitioning its forest sector away from a raw-materials export model of development – by John C. Simeone Tamerlane)