| English | Chinese |
| agricultural exploitation No definition needed | 农业开发 (无需定义。) |
| exploitation of underground water The process of extracting underground water from a source | 开发地下水 (从一源头提取地下水的过程。) |
| forest exploitation Forests have been exploited over the centuries as a source of wood and for obtaining land for agricultural use. The mismanagement of forest lands and forest resources has led to a situation where the forest is now in rapid retreat. The main aspects of the situation are: serious shortages in the supply of industrial wood; the catastrophic erosion and floods accompanying the stripping of forests from mountainous land; the acute shortages of fuel wood in much of the developing world; the spread of desert conditions at an alarming rate in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world; and the many environmental effects of the destruction of tropical rainforests | 森林采伐 (许多世纪以来，森林被用作木材来源和获得农业用地的来源。对林地和森林资源管理不善，导致森林的状况正在迅速恶化。主要方面的状况有：工业木材的供应的严重短缺;随着山区森林的剥除，带来的灾难性的土壤侵蚀和洪水；许多发展中世界燃料木材严重短缺；沙漠在干旱和半干旱地区世界以惊人的速度在扩展；以及热带雨林的破坏造成的许多环境影响。) |
| ocean exploitation The utilization of the ocean for its food resources, mineral resources, and energy and water sources | 海洋开发 (利用海洋以提供食物源、矿产资源、能源和水源。) |
| resource exploitation No definition needed | 资源开发 (不需要定义。) |
| sea bed exploitation Marine mineral resources extend far beyond those presently exploited; minerals are derived from two separate types of marine sources: from sedimentary deposits underlying the continental shelves and from inshore deposits on the surface of the continental shelves. By far the most valuable of the mineral resources exploited from marine environments is petroleum. Offshore placer deposits on the surface of the continental shelves yield gold, platinum, and tin. On the floors of the world's oceans manganese nodules are found as a result of pelagic sedimentation or precipitation; they are small, irregular, black to brown, friable, laminated concretionary masses consisting primarily of manganese salts and manganese-oxide minerals | 海底开采 (海洋的矿物资源比现在开采出的多得多；矿物从俩种不同的海洋资源中获得：从构成大陆架的沉积物和从在大陆架表面的近海岸的沉积物。到目前为止，从海里开采出的最有价值的矿物资源是石油。大陆架的表面近海的冲积矿淤积产生金子、白金和锡。从大洋地面的远洋沉淀中找到锰结核；它们是小的、不规则的、黑色或棕色的、易碎的、大量薄片块状的，主要由锰盐和锰氧化物金属组成。) |