| Subject | English | Chinese simplified |
| comp., MS | application layer | 应用层 (Layer seven of the OSI model, the layer at which applications access network services. This layer represents the services that directly support applications, such as software for file transfer, database access, and e-mail) |
| comp., MS | Application Layer Enforcement | 应用层强制 (An operation of Windows Filtering Platform (WFP) which provides enforcement for security policies by, in each case, trapping the event, determine what application initiated it, and query the filter engine to determine whether the socket should be allowed to proceed) |
| comp., MS | asynchronous communication layer | 异步通信层 (The layer of AJAX functionality that takes care of communication between the browser and the server) |
| comp., MS | ATM adaptation layer | ATM 适配层 (The layer of the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) protocol stack that parses data into the payload portion of the ATM cell for transport across an ATM network) |
| comp., MS | Boot Information Negotiation Layer Service | 启动信息协商层服务 (A service that runs on a Remote Installation Services (RIS) server that acts on client boot requests. The display name of BINLSVC is Remote Installation) |
| comp., MS | client layer | 客户端层 (The layer that resides closest to your application, and that your application uses to communicate directly with SQL Azure. The client layer can reside on-premises in your data center, or it can be hosted in Windows Azure) |
| comp., MS | data-link layer | 数据链路层 (Layer two of the OSI model. A layer that packages raw bits from the physical layer into frames (logical, structured packets for data). This layer is responsible for transferring frames from one computer to another, without errors. After sending a frame, the data-link layer waits for an acknowledgment from the receiving computer) |
| comp., MS | hardware abstraction layer | 硬件抽象层 (A thin layer of software provided by the hardware manufacturer that hides, or abstracts, hardware differences from higher layers of the operating system. By means of the filter provided by the HAL, different types of hardware look alike to the rest of the operating system. This enables the operating system to be portable from one hardware platform to another. The HAL also provides routines that enable a single device driver to support the same device on all platforms) |
| comp., MS | Hypertext Transfer Protocol over Secure Sockets Layer | 安全套接字层的超文本传输协议 (A message transfer protocol used by the World Wide Web to service page requests, and which adds a security layer using Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology) |
| comp., MS | infrastructure layer | 基础结构层 (The layer that represents the IT administration of the physical hardware and operating systems that support the services layer) |
| comp., MS | Layer Two Tunneling Protocol | 第二层隧道协议 (An industry-standard Internet tunneling protocol that provides encapsulation for sending Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) frames across packet-oriented media. For IP networks, L2TP traffic is sent as User Datagram Protocol (UDP) messages. In Microsoft operating systems, L2TP is used in conjunction with Internet Protocol security (IPSec) as a virtual private network (VPN) technology to provide remote access or router-to-router VPN connections. L2TP is described in RFC 2661) |
| comp., MS | line layer | 线条层 (The layer in a map report that displays spatial data as lines, for example, lines that indicate paths or routes) |
| comp., MS | map layer | 地图层 (A child element of the map, each map layer including elements for their map members and map member attributes) |
| comp., MS | Message Layer Security | 消息层安全性 (A cryptographic protocol that provides domain-to-domain secure transmission of SMTP messages on the Internet by using cryptography. The protocol enables SMTP servers to communicate directly or by using an SMTP relay over the Internet in a manner designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery) |
| comp., MS | modeling abstraction layer | 建模抽象层 (The layer that resides between users (both application developers and end-users) and SQL Server and SQL Server Analysis Services data) |
| comp., MS | network interface layer | 网络接口层 (A layer of the TCP/IP DARPA model that is responsible for placing TCP/IP packets on the network medium and receiving TCP/IP packets off the network medium. The network interface layer is also called the network access layer) |
| comp., MS | network layer | 网络层 (Layer three of the OSI model. A layer that addresses messages and translates logical addresses and names into physical addresses. It also determines the route from the source to the destination computer and manages traffic problems, such as switching, routing, and controlling the congestion of data packets) |
| comp., MS | patch layer | 补丁层 (An application layer that is paired above an application layer, and used only for hotfixes and service packs. The name of each patch layer ends with the letter "P", and one pair is named SYS and SYP) |
| comp., MS | physical layer | 物理层 (Layer one of the OSI model. A software layer that transmits bits from one computer to another and regulates the transmission of a stream of bits over a physical medium. This layer defines how the cable is attached to the network and which transmission technique is used to send data over the cable) |
| comp., MS | platform layer | 平台层 (The layer that includes the physical servers and services that support the services layer. The platform layer consists of many instances of SQL Server, each of which is managed by the SQL Azure fabric) |
| comp., MS | point layer | 点层 (The layer in a map report that displays spatial data as points, for examples, points that indicate cities or points of interest) |
| comp., MS | polygon layer | 多边形层 (The layer in a map report that displays spatial data as areas, for example, areas that indicate geographical regions such as counties) |
| comp., MS | posting layer | 过帐层 (A current, tax, or operations ledger classification that is assigned to accounting journal entries) |
| comp., MS | presentation layer | 表示层 (Layer six of the OSI model. A network layer that translates data from the application layer into an intermediary format. This layer also manages security issues by providing such services as data encryption, and compresses data so that fewer bits need to be transferred on the network) |
| comp., MS | Secure Sockets Layer | 安全套接字层 (The protocol that improves the security of data communication by using a combination of data encryption, digital certificates, and public key cryptography. SSL enables authentication and increases data integrity and privacy over networks. SSL does not provide authorization or nonrepudiation) |
| comp., MS | services layer | 服务层 (The layer that functions as a gateway between the client layer and the platform layer, where the data resides. The services layer provides three functions: provisioning, billing and metering, and connection routing) |
| comp., MS | session layer | 会话层 (Layer five of the OSI model. A network layer that allows two applications on different computers to establish, use, and end a session. This layer establishes dialog control between the two computers in a session, regulating which side transmits, as well as when and how long it transmits) |
| comp., MS | Simple Authentication and Security Layer | 简单身份验证和安全层 (An open framework, described in Request for Comments (RFC) 2222, for adding authentication support to connection-based protocols) |
| comp., MS | Transport Layer Security | 传输层安全性 (A protocol that provides communications privacy and security between two applications communicating over a network. TLS encrypts communications and enables clients to authenticate servers and, optionally, servers to authenticate clients. TLS is a more secure version of the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) protocol) |