| Subject | English | Japanese |
| comp., MS | disk duplication | ディスク複製 (The process of using third-party hardware or software to copy a full master Windows installation onto the hard disks of multiple destination computers. The master computer and destination computers must have compatible hardware abstraction layers (HALs). The destination computer can be delivered directly to customers, or it might require additional processing on the factory production line) |
| gen. | n duplication of work | 二重手間 |
| gen. | n gene duplication | 遺伝子重複 |