| Subject | English | Japanese |
| gen. | n an ancient Central Asian people | 月支 |
| gen. | n an ancient Central Asian people | 月氏 |
| gen. | n ancient altar of sacrifice | 俎豆 |
| astr. | exp n ancient analog computer used for astronomical predictions | アンティキティラ島の機械 |
| gen. | n adj-no ancient and modern times | 古今 news1 nf16 |
| gen. | n ancient architectural style utilizing intercrossed triangle logs | 校倉造り |
| tech. | ancient architecture | 古代建築 (こだいけんちく) |
| gen. | n ancient battlefield | 古戦場 |
| gen. | n ancient belief | 古説 |
| gen. | ancient Bizen ware | 古備前 (Kamakura to early Momoyama periods) |
| gen. | ancient book | 古本 ichi1 news1 nf19 |
| tech. | ancient bridge | 古代橋梁 (こだいきょうりょう) |
| obs. | n ancient Buddhist ecclesiastical authority | 僧綱 |
| gen. | n ancient burial mound | 古墳 news1 nf09 |
| gen. | n ancient Central Asian nomadic people often associated with the Huns | 匈奴 |
| gen. | n ancient ceremonial court robe | 直垂れ |
| gen. | n ancient China | 古代中国 |
| gen. | n Ancient Chinese banquet music | 宴楽 |
| gen. | n Ancient Chinese banquet music | 燕楽 |
| gen. | ancient Chinese character | 古文 news2 nf47 spec2 (pre-Qin period) |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese chime shaped like a chevron inverted 'v', orig. of stone, today often metal, in Japan primarily used at Buddhist temples | 磬 |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese chromatic scale | 十二律 (primarily used in Japan for gagaku, etc.) |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese clothes | 韓衣 |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese clothes | 唐衣 |
| gen. | ancient Chinese game of wooden clog throwing | 撃壌 |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese god of fire | 祝融 (or spring) |
| gen. | n obsc ancient Chinese god of the north | 玄冥 (or rain, water, etc.) |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese immigrant | 漢人 |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese official in charge of inspecting other officials | 監察御史 |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese pitch pipe | 律管 (12 pipes corresponding to the ancient Chinese chromatic scale) |
| abbr. | ancient Chinese punishment | 宮 (castration for men, or confinement for women, みや) |
| obs. | n ancient Chinese punishment | 宮刑 (castration for men, confinement for women) |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese sacrificial ritual | 封禅 |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese self-rule administrative system | 羈縻 |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese vehicle with a compass whose needle always pointed south | 指南車 |
| gen. | n ancient Chinese verse form | 律詩 |
| tech. | ancient city | 古代都市 (こだいとし) |
| gen. | n ancient city | 古都 news1 nf14 |
| gen. | n ancient civilisation | 古代文明 |
| gen. | n ancient civilization | 古代文明 |
| gen. | n ancient clan | 旧族 |
| gen. | n ancient clan record | 氏文 (incl. their origins, their achievements, etc.) |
| gen. | n ancient cloth fragment | 古代裂れ |
| gen. | ancient custom | 古来の慣習 |
| gen. | n ancient days | 前古 |
| gen. | n ancient document | 古文書 news1 nf19 |
| gen. | n ancient document written without a particular addressee | 古記録 (e.g. a diary) |
| gen. | n ancient dream | 旧夢 |
| gen. | ancient dune | 古砂丘 |
| gen. | n ancient Egypt | 古代エジプト |
| gen. | n Ancient Egyptian | 古代エジプト語 (language) |
| gen. | n ancient establishment | 古制 |
| gen. | n ancient events | 古事 |
| gen. | n ancient expression | 古句 |
| obs. | n ancient farmland allotment | 班田 |
| gen. | n as opposed to those compiled later ancient fudoki compiled by imperial order in 713 CE | 古風土記 |
| gen. | n ancient Greece | 古代希臘 |
| gen. | n ancient Greece | 古代ギリシア |
| gen. | n ancient Greece | 古代ギリシャ |
| gen. | n ancient Greeks | ヘレネス |
| gen. | n ancient headgear showing rank | 位冠 |
| gen. | n ancient history | 古代史 |
| gen. | n ancient history | 上古史 |
| gen. | n ancient history | 古史 |
| gen. | n ancient human skeleton | 古人骨 |
| gen. | ancient hunting communities in Tohoku | 山立ち |
| gen. | ancient hunting communities in Tohoku | 山立 io |
| gen. | n ancient hunting communities in Tohoku | まとぎ |
| gen. | n ancient hunting communities in Tohoku | またぎ (matagi) |
| gen. | n ancient ideas | 旧説 |
| gen. | ancient Indian unit of distance | 多羅樹 (approx. 15m) |
| gen. | n ancient inscriptions of Chinese characters on oracle bones and carapaces | 殷墟文字 |
| gen. | n yoji ancient inscriptions of Chinese characters on oracle bones and carapaces | 甲骨文字 |
| gen. | n ancient inscriptions of Chinese characters on oracle bones and tortoise shells | 甲骨文 news2 nf47 |
| gen. | n ancient inscriptions on monuments | 金石文 |
| gen. | n ancient instruction | 古訓 |
| gen. | n ancient Japan | 和国 |
| gen. | n ancient Japan | 倭国 |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese characters | 神代文字 (regarded today as created at a much more recent date) |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese coinage first minted in 760 CE | 万年通宝 |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese koto | 倭琴 (thought to be native to Japan) |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese koto | 大和琴 (thought to be native to Japan) |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese ladies' hairstyle | 銀杏返 io |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese ladies' hairstyle | 銀杏返し |
| ling. | ancient Japanese language | 上代語 |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese martial arts | 古武術 |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese martial arts | 古武道 |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese poetry form with three verses in a 5-7-7 moraic pattern | 片歌 |
| obs. | n ancient Japanese sweat-absorbent summer garment | 汗衫 |
| gen. | n ancient Korean kingdom | 百済 (Paekche or Kudara) |
| gen. | n ancient Korean kingdom | 新羅 news2 nf42 |
| gen. | n ancient Kyoto | 平安京 (へいあんきょう) |
| gen. | ancient land | 古期山地 |
| gen. | n ancient language | 上代語 |
| gen. | n ancient language | 古代語 |
| gen. | n ancient Japanese language | 古語 news2 nf39 spec2 |
| gen. | n ancient laws | 古制 |
| gen. | ancient laws | 古法 |
| gen. | n ancient laws | 旧章 |
| gen. | n ancient log storehouse | 校倉 (あぜくら) |
| gen. | n ancient longsword | 長剣 |
| gen. | n ancient longsword | 長太刀 |
| gen. | n ancient manuscript | 古文書 news1 nf19 |
| gen. | ancient methods | 古道 |
| gen. | n ancient mirror decorated with gods and animals | 神獣鏡 |
| gen. | ancient moral teachings | 古道 |
| gen. | n ancient early music | 古楽 |
| gen. | n ancient music | 伎楽 |
| obs. | n ancient name of Nara | 平城 (ひらじろ) |
| gen. | n ancient Nara | 平城京 (へいじょうきょう) |
| gen. | n ancient nation | 旧国 |
| gen. | n ancient Olympics | 古代オリンピック |
| gen. | n ancient or primordial Japanese language | 大和言葉 |
| gen. | n ancient oriental belt decoration | 珮 |
| gen. | n ancient oriental belt decoration | 佩 |
| gen. | n ancient painting | 古画 |
| gen. | n ancient people | 古代人 |
| gen. | n ancient people | 古人 |
| gen. | n ancient poems | 古詩 |
| gen. | n ancient poems | 旧詠 |
| gen. | n ancient practices or customs | 故実 |
| gen. | n ancient priest | 巫祝 |
| gen. | n ancient province corresponding to modern-day Nara Prefecture | 倭 |
| gen. | ancient province corresponding to modern-day Nara Prefecture | 大倭 |
| gen. | ancient province corresponding to modern-day Nara Prefecture | 大日本 |
| gen. | n ancient province corresponding to modern-day Nara Prefecture | 大和 news1 nf05 |
| gen. | n ancient provinces of Japan | 令制国 |
| gen. | n ancient records | 古記 |
| gen. | n ancient rice varieties | 古代米 |
| gen. | n ancient rites | 古式 news2 nf34 |
| gen. | n ancient rites | 古儀 |
| gen. | n ancient road | 古道 |
| archit. | n ancient Roman apartment building | インスラ |
| abbr. | n ancient Rome | 古ロ |
| gen. | n ancient Rome | 古代ローマ |
| gen. | n ancient sage | 先聖 |
| gen. | n ancient sage | 先賢 |
| gen. | n ancient sage | 古聖 |
| gen. | n ancient sage | 古賢 |
| gen. | ancient seal-script character | 蝌蚪 |
| gen. | ancient seal-script character | 科斗 |
| gen. | n ancient seal-script character | 蝌蚪文字 |
| gen. | n ancient Shinto | 古神道 (as practiced prior to the Introduction of Confucianism and Buddhism to Japan) |
| gen. | n ancient Shinto music and dancing | 神楽 news1 nf13 |
| gen. | n ancient Shinto priestly family | 斎部 |
| gen. | n ancient skirt | 裳 |
| gen. | n ancient soldier's hat | 陣笠 (じんがさ) |
| gen. | ancient song played at the court | 夷振り |
| gen. | ancient song played at the court | 夷曲 |
| gen. | ancient song played at the court | 鄙振り |
| gen. | n ancient songs | 旧詠 |
| gen. | n ancient temple | 古刹 |
| gen. | n ancient things | 旧物 |
| gen. | n ancient time | 神代 news2 nf32 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 往昔 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 古 news1 nf14 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 古え |
| gen. | n-adv n-t ancient times | 旧時 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 往日 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 上古 |
| gen. | n-adv n ancient times | 太古 news2 nf27 spec2 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 往代 |
| gen. | n yoji ancient times | 千古万古 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 往古 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 上世 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 前世紀 news2 nf36 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 先古 |
| gen. | n adj-no ancient times | 上代 news2 nf40 |
| gen. | adj-na n-adv n-t ancient times | 古代 ichi1 news1 nf06 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 古昔 |
| gen. | n ancient times | 往時 news2 nf29 |
| gen. | n ancient type of cannon | 石火矢 |
| gen. | n ancient type of koto with 13 strings used in Gagaku music | 楽筝 |
| gen. | n ancient type of koto with 13 strings used in Gagaku music | 楽箏 |
| gen. | ancient watercourse | 古水路 |
| gen. | n ancient ways | 古意 |
| gen. | n ancient wise men | 先哲 |
| abbr. | ancient women's hairstyle | 荵 ({n uk} Davallia mariesii ***b (species of fern), Lepisorus thunbergiana ***b (species of fern)) |
| abbr. | ancient women's hairstyle | 忍 ({n uk} Davallia mariesii ***b (species of fern), Lepisorus thunbergiana ***b (species of fern)) |
| gen. | n ancient word | 上代語 |
| gen. | n ancient writing | 古文 news2 nf47 spec2 (i.e. Edo-period or older) |
| gen. | n ancient writing | 古字 |
| gen. | n any of a number of secret societies of ancient China | 会党 (often opposed to the government) |
| obs. | n barbarian tribes surrounding ancient China | 胡 |
| gen. | n black-lacquered headgear made of silk, cloth or paper originally worn by court nobles in ancient Japan, and afterwards spreading to the common people | 烏帽子 news2 nf41 |
| gen. | n boy or doll dressed in ancient Chinese clothes | 唐子 |
| gen. | n branch of ancient Japanese magic tricks inherited mainly from oral tradition | 和妻 |
| gen. | n bronze currency of ancient China | 刀布 (some pieces shaped like spades and others like opened straight razors) |
| titles | Collected Japanese Poems of Ancient and Modern Times | 古今和歌集 |
| gen. | n Collection of Poems of Ancient and Modern Times | 古今集 abbr. of 古今和歌集 |
| gen. | n commentaries of the ancients | 古註 |
| gen. | n commentaries of the ancients | 古注 |
| gen. | Commentary on Ancient History | 古史伝 (unclass; by Hirata Atsutane, 1825) |
| obs. | n dancing and singing feast of young men and women in ancient Japan | 歌垣 |
| gen. | n drum used in ancient warfare to signal an attack | 攻め太鼓 |
| obs. | n everyday garment worn by men in ancient Japan | 襖 (ふすま) |
| gen. | n everyday garment worn by nobles in ancient Japan | 水干 |
| gen. | n yoji expression suggesting that the pace of change makes ten years back seem like ancient history | 十年一昔 |
| gen. | n form of ancient Chinese entertainment similar to a circus | 散楽 (brought to Japan during the Nara period) |
| gen. | n from ancient times | 往古より |
| obs. | n from ancient times | 亘古 |
| gen. | n-t yoji from since ancient times | 上古以来 |
| gen. | adj-no n-adv n-t from ancient times | 旧来 news1 nf17 |
| titles | Gleanings from Ancient Stories | 古語拾遺 (Inbe no Hironari, 807 CE) |
| gen. | n good ancient kings | 先王 |
| gen. | n great and ancient nation | 老大国 |
| gen. | adj-i having an ancient and honorable origin | 由緒ただしい |
| gen. | adj-i having an ancient and honorable origin | 由緒正しい |
| gen. | n horse carriage for old people and women in ancient China | 安車 |
| gen. | horseback transportation and communication relay system used in ancient Japan | 伝 (つたわり) |
| gen. | impart an ancient appearance | 古く見せる |
| gen. | n Imperial palace in ancient Nara | 平城宮 |
| gen. | n in ancient style | 昔式 |
| gen. | n-adv n-t in ancient times | 已往 oK |
| gen. | n-adv n-t in ancient times | 以往 |
| gen. | n obsc intricately inscribed ancient bronze or iron mirror featuring a pair of firebirds | き鳳鏡 |
| gen. | n obsc intricately inscribed ancient bronze or iron mirror featuring a pair of firebirds | 夔鳳鏡 |
| gen. | n kimono and ancient head-dress | 衣冠 |
| titles | Kojiki with Ancient Readings | 古訓古事記 (by Nagase Masachi, 1803) |
| gen. | n literary composition crammed with maxims, ancient episodes, legends, etc. | 獺祭 |
| gen. | n mythical king of ancient China | 神農 |
| gen. | n name of ancient country located in the modern Fukuoka prefecture | 筑前 |
| gen. | n narrow, long, and thin pieces of wood strung together that were used to write on in ancient times | 木簡 |
| gen. | n in Japan 2nd note of the ancient chromatic scale | 断吟 (approx. D sharp) |
| gen. | n in Japan 2nd note of the ancient chromatic scale | 断金 (approx. D sharp) |
| gen. | n pictures of ancient wise men | 先哲像傳 (name of a book) |
| gen. | n pictures of ancient wise men | 先哲像伝 (name of a book) |
| abbr. | n position at the imperial court in ancient China | 大学士 |
| gen. | n position at the imperial court in ancient China | 内閣大学士 |
| gen. | n province of ancient Rome | 属州 |
| gen. | n in China 3rd note of the ancient chromatic scale | 大簇 (approx. E) |
| gen. | n in China 3rd note of the ancient chromatic scale | 太簇 (approx. E) |
| gen. | n in Japan 3rd note of the ancient chromatic scale | 平調 (approx. E) |
| abbr. | n Records of Ancient Matters | 記 news2 nf25 also written 紀 |
| gen. | n Records of Ancient Matters | 古事記 (Japan's oldest historical record) |
| titles | References to Ancient History | 古史徴 (by Hirata Atsutane, 1818) |
| obs. | n regional military governor in ancient China | 藩鎮 |
| gen. | n regional military governor in ancient China | 節度使 |
| gen. | n resident of ancient Sichuan | 巴人 |
| obs. | n ritual jades worn by feudal lords in ancient China | 圭璧 |
| gen. | n seal style and ancient square style | 篆隷 |
| gen. | n second note of the ancient chromatic scale | 大呂 (in China approx. D sharp) |
| abbr. | six even-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale | 呂 |
| abbr. | six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale | 律 |
| gen. | n small ancient mirror tied with a cord | 紐鏡 |
| gen. | n soldiers garrisoned at strategic posts in Kyushu in ancient times | 防人 |
| gen. | n in China 1st note of the ancient chromatic scale | 黄鐘 (approx. D) |
| gen. | n in Japan 1st note of the ancient chromatic scale | 壱越 (approx. D) |
| gen. | n straw rope-patterned ancient Japanese pottery | 縄文土器 |
| gen. | n study of ancient documents | 古文書学 |
| gen. | n in Chinese history study of ancient texts | 考証学 |
| gen. | n study of ancient writing | 古文書学 |
| obs. | n style of gagaku based on Tang-era Chinese music and ancient Indian song and dance | 左方の楽 |
| gen. | n obsc style of gagaku based on Tang-era Chinese music and ancient Indian song and dance | 左方唐楽 |
| obs. | n style of gagaku based on Tang-era Chinese music and ancient Indian song and dance | 左楽 |
| gen. | style of gagaku based on Tang-era Chinese music and ancient Indian song and dance | 唐楽 |
| sumo. | n sumo performed at ancient Japanese imperial court | 節会相撲 |
| gen. | n system of land subdivision in ancient Japan | 条里制 |
| gen. | n in China 5th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 姑洗 (approx. F sharp) |
| gen. | n in Japan 10th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 盤渉 (approx. B) |
| gen. | n in Japan 6th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 双調 (approx. G) |
| gen. | n in Japan 8th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 黄鐘 (approx. A) |
| gen. | n in China 8th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 林鐘 (approx. A) |
| gen. | in Japan 11th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 神仙 (approx. C) |
| gen. | in Japan 11th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 神僊 (approx. C) |
| gen. | n in China 6th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 中呂 (approx. G) |
| gen. | n in China 6th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 仲呂 (approx. G) |
| gen. | n in China 4th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 夾鐘 (approx. F) |
| gen. | n in China 12th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 応鐘 (approx. C sharp) |
| obs. | n in Japan 4th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 勝絶 (approx. F) |
| gen. | n in Japan 12th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 上無 (approx. C sharp) |
| gen. | n in China 10th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 南呂 (approx. B) |
| gen. | n in China 11th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 無射 (approx. C) |
| gen. | in Japan 7th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 鳧鐘 (approx. G sharp) |
| gen. | n in China 7th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 蕤賓 oK (approx. G sharp) |
| gen. | in Japan 9th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 鸞鏡 (approx. A sharp) |
| gen. | n in China 9th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 夷則 (approx. A sharp) |
| gen. | n in China 7th note of the ancient chromatic scale | すい賓 (approx. G sharp) |
| gen. | n in Japan 5th note of the ancient chromatic scale | 下無 (approx. F sharp) |
| gen. | n the ancient imperial princesses serving at the Ise shrine | 斎宮 |
| gen. | n the ancients | 古代人 |
| obs. | n the eight unpardonable crimes in ancient Japanese law | 八逆 |
| obs. | n the eight unpardonable crimes in ancient Japanese law | 八虐 |
| gen. | n the feelings of the ancients | 古意 |
| gen. | n the five home provinces and seven districts of ancient Japan | 五畿七道 |
| gen. | n the five sciences of ancient India | 五明 (grammar and composition, arts and mathematics, medicine, logic, and philosophy) |
| gen. | n the seven districts of ancient Japan | 七道 |
| gen. | n the six ancient Japanese historical collections compiled between the Nara and Heian periods | 六国史 |
| gen. | n the study of ancient writings | 古文学 |
| gen. | n the wisdom of the ancients | 故智 |
| gen. | n the wisdom of the ancients | 故知 |
| gen. | n three famous ancient calligraphers: Emperor Saga and Tachibana no Hayanari and Kooboo Daishi | 三筆 |
| gen. | n triangular rimmed ancient mirror decorated with gods and animals | 三角縁神獣鏡 |
| gen. | n yoji two books on the art of war in ancient China | 六韜三略 |
| gen. | n two rival states in ancient China | 呉越 |
| gen. | type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan | 毬 |
| gen. | type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan | 球 ik (tama) |
| gen. | n type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan | 蹴鞠 |
| gen. | type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan | 鞠 |
| gen. | n type of hakama worn in ancient times | 指貫 (さしぬき) |
| gen. | n type of red brocade originally from the ancient Chinese country of Shu and passed on in Japan | 蜀江の錦 |
| gen. | n unit of currency in ancient Greece and Israel | タラント |
| gen. | unit of currency in ancient Greece and Israel | タレント gai1 ichi1 |
| gen. | n var. of ancient ballad | 久米歌 |