| Subject | English | Italian |
| environ., agric. | reduction, refinement and replacement | sostituzione, riduzione, perfezionamento |
| environ., agric. | reduction, refinement and replacement | principio delle 3R |
| comp., MS | refinement dependency | dipendenza perfezionamento (A kind of dependency that indicates a historical or derivation relationship between two elements with a mapping between them. A description of the mapping may be attached to the dependency in a note) |
| met. | the allotropic transformation is accompanied by a refinement of the grain | nella trasformazione allotropica ha luogo un affinamento del grano |