| Subject | English | Chinese |
| met. | friction force between shell and mold | 铸坯壳和结晶器间的摩擦力 (Studies of initial sticking, based upon analysis of the friction force between the shell and the mold, indicate that a large friction force results in a shell rupture near the meniscus, and the ruptured shell sticks to the mold. 以铸坯壳和结晶器之间摩擦力分析为基础所做的初始粘结研究表明：摩擦力过大导致金属弯月面附近的坯壳破裂，破裂的坯壳会粘结到结晶器上。) |
| met. | frictional force between solidifying shell and mold | 凝固坯壳与结晶器间的摩擦力 |
| tech. | shell force | 壳体力 |