| Subject | English | Chinese |
| met. | IR-UT secondary refining technique | IR-UT 炉外精炼技术 |
| met. | secondary refining technique | 二次精炼技术 (With the advent of secondary refining techniques and the drive toward steels of significantly improved properties and quality, the tundish has become a tertiary refiner. 随着二次精炼技术的出现和大幅度提高钢的性能和质量的推动，中间包已变成了三次精炼器。) |