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Subject: Text analysis. gen. Добрый день! Мне сегодня к раннему вечеру нужно четыре текста ( научного, публицистического, газетного и официально-делового стилей) с переводом, и вот таким разбором как прилагается ниже. Соответственно располагаю пока только газетным. А времени сделать остальные три, просто не хватит. Возможно у Вас есть уже готовые задания этого типа, был бы великодушно благодарен за помощь.
Спасибо.
Nuclear safety worries spread to Europe
Disaster puts pressure on governments, with protests in Germany and concern over new plant plans in Italy and the UK
1. Tens of thousands of people have taken part in an anti-nuclear demonstration in southern Germany. 2. The demonstration had been planned for some time, but after the news of Japan's nuclear emergency, organizers were overwhelmed by crowds of around 50,000 people who turned up.
3. The demonstrators, who stretched in a 45km chain from Neckarwestheim power plant to the city of Stuttgart, were demanding that the German government move away from nuclear power.
4. Chancellor Angela Merkel, who has extended the lifespan of Germany's nuclear power plants, summoned senior ministers to an emergency meeting.
5. The Japanese radiation leak comes at a difficult time for Merkel, whose conservatives face three state elections in March where worries over nuclear safety could rally her opponents. 6. The opposition Social Democrats and Greens have called for change and claim several German nuclear plants could not withstand a direct hit by an aircraft or an earthquake.
7. "We cannot master nature, nature rules us," said Renate Kuenast, the Greens' parliamentary leader. Tracy McVeigh
guardian.co.uk, Saturday 12 March 2011 23.53 GMT Translation
Европейцы всерьез забеспокоились о ядерной безопасности
Ввиду произошедшей в Японии катастрофы, правительства Германии, Италии и Великобритании делают все возможное чтобы успокоить обеспокоенных и протестующих граждан
1. В Южной Германии десятки тисяч жителей приняли участие в антиядерной демонстрации. 2. Данное событие планировалась на протяжении некоторого времени, но после сообщения о чрезвычайной ситуации на атомной электростанции в Японии, организаторы демонстрации были ошеломлены прибытием огромного количества участников, составляющего около пятидесяти тысяч человек.
3. Ряды демонстрантов протянулись на 45 километров от электростанции «Некарвестхайн» и до города Штуттгарт. Участники требовали от правительства Германии прекращения развития ядерной энергетики.
4. Канцлер Ангела Меркель, продлившая срок эксплуатации атомных электростанций Германии, созвала министров на срочное совещание.
5. Авария на атомной электростанции в Японии произошла в трудный период для консервативной партии, которую представляет Меркель, ввиду предстоящих в марте трехэтапных выборов, так как подобные опасения по поводу ядерной безопасности могут дать преимущество ее оппонентам. 6. Представители оппозиции, члены партии «социал-демократов» и партии «зеленых» потребовали изменения политического курса а также заявляют о том, что некоторые атомные электростанции Германии не смогут выдержать землетрясение или прямой авиационный налет. 7. Член парламента, а также лидер партии Зеленых Ренат Куенаст заявил что “Мы не можем контролировать природу, лишь она в силах управлять нами”.
Text Analysis
This text is the pattern of the newspaper style. Genre subdivision is an analytical article.
The primary function is an informative one, thus the words are mainly neutral and they are used in their direct meanings, e.g.:time- время ,people-люди, thousands-тысячи.
In the source text we can observe some terms, such as: demonstration- which should be transliterated “демонстрация”;power plant – which should be translated by means of its analogue “электростанция”;chancellor - which should be transliterated “канцлер”.
We can also observe some clichés, such as:
To take part- which should be translated word-for-word “принимать участие”;
the news of - which should be translated by means of its analogue “сообщение о”;
said – which should be translated by means of its analogue “заявил”;
There are some internationalisms in the text: organizers, ministers, opponents. All of them should be transliterated.
There are no abbreviations in the text.
We can also observe some proper names in the text which should be transcribed or transliterated, for example: Germany - Германия, Neckarwestheim – Некарвестхайн, Stuttgart – Штуттгарт.
The secondary function is an expressive one. We can observe some stylistic devices, e. g.:
The metaphoric verb “were overwhelmed” – which can be rendered by the corresponding metaphoric verb “были ошеломлены”; rally – which should be rendered with the help of the more neutral equivalent “дать преимущество”. The metaphor (personification): nature rules us – which should be rendered by the corresponding stylistic device“природа управляет нами”.
There are several phrasal verbs in the text, e.g.: take par – принимать участиеt, turn up - появляться, move away- отстраняться, call for – взывать к.
The syntax is complex. The sentences are mainly complex and contain object and attributive subordinate clauses. In many cases sentences make up the whole paragraph.
We can observe a lot of attributive groups in the text, such as: anti-nuclear demonstration - антиядерная демонстрация, Japan's nuclear emergency - чрезвычайная ситуация на атомной электростанции в Японии, etc.
There are a lot of homogenous parts in this text, e. g.: called for change and claimed – predicates; by an aircraft or an earthquake – prepositional objects.
We can observe some infinitives in this text, e.g.: could rally, could not withstand, cannot master.
The use of the Passive voice, participles, gerunds and modal verbs is not characteristic of the text. ANALYSIS
1. Tens of thousands of people have taken part in an anti-nuclear demonstration in southern Germany.
В Южной Германии десятки тисяч жителей приняли участие в антиядерной демонстрации.
Structural analysis: This sentence is a monorheme. It is a simple one. The syntactical structure of the sentence has not been changed. In the process of translation such transformations have been made:
Grammatical transformations:
The adverbial modifier of time “in southern Germany” has been transposed from the final to the initial position. The verb “have taken” in plural, in present perfect active has been replaced by the verb “приняли” in plural, in the past tense. The auxiliary verb “have” has been omitted. Two prepositions “of” have been omitted.
Lexico-semantic transformations:
The meaning of the word “people” has been narrowed and rendered as “жителей”. Thus concretization has been used. The predicate of cause “take” has been substituted for the predicate of result “приняли”. The meaning of the word “part” has been narrowed and rendered as “участие”. Thus concretization has been used.
2. The demonstration had been planned for some time, but after the news of Japan's nuclear emergency, organizers were overwhelmed by crowds of around 50,000 people who turned up.
Данное событие планировалась на протяжении некоторого времени, но после сообщения о чрезвычайной ситуации на атомной электростанции в Японии, организаторы демонстрации были ошеломлены прибытием огромного количества участников, насчитывавшего около пятидесяти тысяч человек.
Structural analysis: This sentence is a dirheme. It is a composite one. It consists of two coordinate clauses. The second coordinate clause contains an attributive subordinate clause. The syntactical structure of the sentence has been changed. The target sentence is a compound one, and it consists of two coordinate clauses. Thus, sentence integration has been employed. In the process of translation such transformations have been made:
Grammatical transformations:
The definite article “the” has been replaced by the adjective “Данное”. The verb “had been planned” in past perfect passive has been replaced by the verb “планировалась” in the past tense (active). The auxiliary verbs “had” and “ been” have been omitted. The preposition “for” has been replaced by the phrase “на протяжении”. The attributive group “ Japan's nuclear emergency” consists of the key word “emergency” and two attributes. The attribute “Japan's” expressed by a noun has been replaced by the adverbial modifier of place “в Японии” and transposed from the left hand to the right hand position. The preposition ‘в” has been added. The attribute “nuclear” expressed by an adjective has been replaced by the phrase “на атомной электростанции” in the function of an adverbial modifier of place and transposed from the left hand to the right hand position. The predicate “turned up” expressed by the phrasal verb has been replaced by the indirect object “прибытием” expressed by a noun.
Lexico-semantic transformations:
The meaning of the word “demonstration” has been widened and rendered as “событие”. Thus generalization has been used. The logical predicate of result “news” has been substituted for the logical predicate of cause “сообщения”. The meaning of the word “nuclear” has been narrowed and rendered as “атомной”. Thus concretization has been used. And the word “электростанции” has been added due to decompression. The meaning of the word “emergency” has also been narrowed and rendered as “чрезвычайной ситуации”. Thus concretization has been used. The meaning of the word “crowds” has been narrowed and rendered as “огромного количества участников”. The predicate of result “turned up” has been substituted for the logical predicate of cause “прибытием”.
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