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Subject: clientalism государственная нефтяная компания Кувейта превратилась в "bastion of nepotism, clientalism and inefficiency" ...в другом месте встречается "political clientalism" и "patronage and clientalist problem" |
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У Вас орфографическая ошибка; правильно - clientElism Personal relationships that link patrons and clients together in a system in which jobs, favors, and protection are exchanged for labor, support, and loyalty. A political machine is an unofficial system of political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, and "behind-the-scenes" control within the structure of a representative democracy. Machine politics has existed in many United States cities, especially between about 1875 and 1920, but continuing in some cases down to the present day. It is also common (under the name clientelism or political clientelism) in Latin America, especially in rural areas. |
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Спасибо! а у Вас есть варианты русского перевода? |
| "коррупция, кумовство, взяточничество" |
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