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 Мысль

link 17.03.2012 16:26 
Subject: Non-excludable ecosystem goods and services gen.
Дорогие форумчане, помогите пожалуйста перевести Non-excludable ecosystem goods and services.Спасибо.

Non-excludable ecosystem goods and services tend to be provided by government entities to users without direct charge. In the case of excludable ecosystem goods and services, fees may be charged for use or access rights to an ecosystem good or service.

 amat

link 17.03.2012 16:52 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excludability
ecosystem Goods and Services. Healthy ecosystems carry out a diverse array of processes that provide both goods and services to humanity. Here, goods refer to items given monetary value in the marketplace, whereas the services from ecosystems are valued, but are rarely bought or sold.

Ecosystem processes include:

Maintenance of energy flux, dissipation, climate modulation
Maintenance of hydrologic flux, hydrologic cycle, water quality
Biological productivity, plant pollination
Maintenance of biogeochernical cycling, storage, mineral-gaseous cycles, water-air quality
Decomposition, weathering, soil development-stability, soil quality
Maintenance of biological diversity
Absorbing, buffering, diluting, detoxifying pollutants-xenobiotics

Ecosystem "goods" include:

Food
Construction materials
Medicinal plants
Wild genes for domestic plants and animals
Tourism and recreation

Ecosystem "services" include:

Maintaining hydrological cycles
Regulating climate
Cleansing water and air
Maintaining the gaseous composition of the atmosphere
Pollinating crops and other important plants
Generating and maintaining soils
Storing and cycling essential nutrients
Absorbing and detoxifying pollutants
Providing beauty, inspiration, and recreation

(Modified from Ehrlich and Ehrlich 1991, Lubchenco et al. 1993, and Richardson 1994)

 

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