flag organization bank.

[Cheshire cat]

Подскажите, пожалуйста, как перевести слово flag и словосочетания с ним в следующих контекстах:

The five key players in the credit card industry are the cardholder, the credit card issuer, the merchant, the acquiring bank and the flag institution.

The organizations behind cards like Visa and MasterCard are flag organizations, that is, companies that are owned by the cardholder's bank, yet are run by a separate board of directors.

...and promotion of the flags.

Спасибо
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ленивый, трусливый, завистник-выпендрёжник, зато кот :Р