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to mahavishnu: как это так нет? очень даже есть... A national identification number is used by the governments of many countries as a means of tracking their citizens, permanent residents, and temporary residents for the purposes of work, taxation, government benefits, health care, and other governmentally-related functions. Sometimes, the number will appear on an identity card issued by a country. The ways in which such a system is implemented is dependent on the country, but in most cases, a citizen is issued a number at birth or when they reach a legal age (typically the age of 18). Non-citizens are issued such numbers when they enter the country. Many countries issue such numbers ostensibly for a singular purpose, but over time, they become a de facto national identification number. For example, the United States originally developed its Social Security Number system as a means of disbursing Social Security benefits. However, due to functionality creep, the number has become utilized for other purposes to the point where it is almost essential to have one in order to, among other things, open a bank account, obtain a credit card, or drive a car. United States
Main article: Social Security number (United States)
A Social Security number is a nine digit number resembling "123-45-1234" which is issued to an individual by the Social Security Administration of the government of the United States. Up until the 1980s, people often had no Social Security number until the age of about 15 or 16, since they were used for tax purposes and those under that age seldom had remunerative employment. In the 1980s, the law was altered so that persons without Social Security numbers could not be claimed as dependents on tax returns. Many parents now apply for Social Security numbers for their children as soon as the children are born. When a baby is born in a hospital, hospital staff generally offer to help the parents apply for Social Security by filling out and submitting the application for the parents. It was never intended to be a national identification number, and card inscriptions originally claimed for years that the Social Security card and number were not to be used for identification purposes, though it is widely used as one today. Many political parties including Action For Justice (AFJ) consider the use of the SSN as a form of a National Identification Number (NIN) to be unconstitutional and violates among others, the fundamental right to privacy. просто он по-разному в разных странах называется, но САМО notion- одно
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