| environ. |
trade barrier An artificial restraint on the free exchange of goods and services between nations. The most common types of trade barriers are tariffs, quotas, and exchange control. Such obstacles to trade are usually imposed by a country that wishes to protect domestic products in their home market against foreign competition, better its terms of trade, reduce domestic unemployment, or improve its balance-of-payments position. The raising of trade barriers by one country often provokes other nations position. Generally, the effect of a trade barrier is to reduce the volume of trade while increasing the domestic price of the protected good. Thus, it results in a relatively inefficient allocation of world resources and reduces the level of total world income and production (对国家间商品和服务的自由交换设置的人为的限制。贸易壁垒最常见的类型有关税、配额和外汇管制。这种贸易障碍，通常是由希望在国内市场保护其本国产品以对付国外竞争的国家来实行的，从而改善其贸易条件，减少国内失业，或改善其国际收支平衡状况。一个国家发起的贸易壁垒常会挑起其它国家的的立场。总的来说，贸易壁垒的后果是使国内受保护商品的价格上涨的同时还会减少贸易总量。因此，它会导致全球资源的一个相对低效的分配，会减少全球总体收入和产量的水平。) |
