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День св. Григория (A feast held on St. Gregory's Day, 12 March); Григорий I; Григорий III (Pope from 731 to 741. His pontificate was one of the most critical in papal history. He was immediately confronted with the Iconoclastic Controversy, begun when his predecessor St. Gregory II condemned the Byzantine emperor Leo Ill's destruction of religious images. Gregory denounced the Iconoclasts at a Roman council in 731); Григорий V (From 996 to 999, the first German Pope, whose pontificate was among the most turbulent in history); Григорий VII (One of the great reform Popes of the Middle Ages, reigned 1073-85); Григорий VIII (Pope from October 21 to December 17, 1187. He began reforms in the Curia and took immediate measures to restore Jerusalem to the Christians by initiating the Third Crusade but died during an effort to reconcile the rival Italian seaports of Pisa and Genoa in order to expedite shipments to the Holy Land); Григорий IX (1227-41, one of the most vigorous of the 13th-century Popes, a canon lawyer, theologian, defender of papal prerogatives, and founder of the papal Inquisition); Григорий X (Pope from 1271 to 1276, who reformed the assembly of cardinals that elects the Pope); Григорий XII (Pope from 1406 to 1415. He was the last of the Roman line during the Western Schism, when the papacy was contested by antipopes in Avignon and in Pisa); Григорий XIII (Pope from 1572 to 1585, who promulgated the Gregorian calendar and founded a system of seminaries for Roman Catholic priests); Григорий XIV (Pope from 1590 to 1591. He continued the policies of his immediate predecessors, particularly in furthering the internal reform of the church.); Григорий XV (Pope from 1621 to 1623. His pontificate achieved two significant reforms: he introduced the secret ballot in papal elections, and he established the first permanent board of control of Roman Catholic foreign missions, the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, whose missionary work helped the church recover many of its losses from the Protestant Reformation); Григорий XVI (Pope from 1831 to 1846. An ascetic by temperament, he concerned himself largely with the reform of the religious orders and the priesthood and with greatly expanding Roman Catholic missionary activities in the newly independent countries of Latin America as well as in East Asia, India, and North Africa); Григорий VI (Pope from 1045 to 1046 who was accused of simony at the Council of Sutri, Papal States, held by the Holy Roman emperor Henry III in 1046, and he abdicated on December 20); Григорий II (Pope from 715 to 731. He greatly encouraged the Christianizing of Germany by SS. Boniface and Corbinian, whom he consecrated bishops in 722. Though a staunch adherent of the Eastern Roman Empire, he vigorously and successfully opposed the Byzantine emperor Leo III the Isaurian, who vehemently ordered all holy images to be destroyed); Григорий IV (Pope from 827 to 844 who is chiefly remembered for his mediation in the Carolingian dynastic struggle between Lothair I, the co-emperor, and the emperor Louis the Pious, when his father Louis granted part of his kingdom to Lothair's half-brother Charles the Bald); Григорий XI (The last French Pope and the last of the Avignonese Popes, when Avignon was the papal seat. He reigned from 1370 to 1378); Григорий (VIII) (Antipope from 1118 to 1121 who was excommunicated by Gelasius in 1118 and by Pope Calixtus II in 1119. He died in exile; VIII) |
