progr. |
Unfortunately, the top-down only dependency structure is not quite realistic. In reality, the bottom-up dependencies will exist, but they can be made relatively harmless by skilful design and programming. A desired outcome is that higher layers depend on lower layers while lower layers can still communicate with higher layers without exerting undue unmanageable dependencies (см. Maciaszek L.A. and Liong B.L. 2005: Practical Software Engineering) |