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| Russian | English |
| смятие в виде седловины в рельсовом стыке | rail end batter (depression in the rail tread at a rail joint i.e. result of the impact that occurs as wheels pass over the joint - loose joints experience excessive batter due to the increased impact) |
| смятие вторичное в виде седловины в рельсовом стыке | secondary rail end batter (occurs not directly at the rail end in a rail joint but generally on high speed track where wheels are "launched" over a joint and land on the receiving rail, a discrete distance from the rail end) |