 |
| Russian | English |
| арабская грамматическая традиция | Arabic grammatical tradition (as elaborated by the eleventh century grammarian Abdul Qahir al-Jurjani Alex_Odeychuk) |
| грамматическая традиция | grammatical tradition (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| язык без письменной традиции | oral language (Alex_Odeychuk) |
| языковые традиции | linguistic heritage (16bge06) |