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| Russian | English |
| процессуальное соучастие | joinder of parties (Joinder in civil law falls under two categories: joinder of claims, and joinder of parties. Joinder of parties also falls into two categories: permissive joinder and compulsory joinder. wiki Alexander Demidov) |
| сложное соучастие | case where parties concerned in the commission of a crime are guilty of different degrees thereof |