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| Russian | English |
| войсковой старшина́ | lieutenant colonel (of Cossack troops) |
| войсковой старшина | lieutenant colonel (of Cossack troops) |
| волостной старшина | head of a volost (волостной старшина́; volost – 1. a small administrative district of peasants in czarist Russia; 2. a rural soviet in the Soviet Union) |
| волостной старшина | rural district elder (Ilya Repin ~ Emperor Aleksandr III receiving rural district elders in the yard of Petrovsky Palace in Moscow (1885-86) Oil on canvas. Oleksandr Spirin) |
| волостной старшина | head of volost |
| старшина типографских рабочих | father of the chapel |