 |
| Russian | English |
| военные поселения | military colonies (John Shelton Curtiss, The Russian Army Under Nicholas I, 1825-1855; Duke University Press, 1965 ambw) |
| военные поселения | military settlements (comment by ambw: напр., в John L. Keep, Soldiers of the Tsar Army and Society in Russia 1462-1874; Clarendon Press, 1985  wikipedia.org VicTur) |
| каторжное поселение | penal settlement (Andrey Truhachev) |
| каторжное поселение | penal colony (Andrey Truhachev) |
| поселение ссыльных | penal settlement (Andrey Truhachev) |
| поселение ссыльных | penal colony (Andrey Truhachev) |
| торговое поселение | trade settlement (В. Бузаков) |