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| English | Russian |
| proto-state entity | протогосударственное образование (Al Qaeda leaders have long criticized Saudi leaders and pledged support for leaders of the Taliban movement, but largely have refrained from establishing their own rival proto-state entities. aldrignedigen) |
| proto-writing | протописьменность (Proto-writing consists of visible marks communicating limited information.[1] Such systems emerged from earlier traditions of symbol systems in the early Neolithic, as early as the 7th millennium BC in China. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-writing JIZM) |