| 艾滋病 | AIDS aquired immune deficiency syndrome; The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is caused by HIV-virus manifested by opportunistic infections and/or malignancies, and the mortality rate is very high. The syndrome results from a breakdown of the body's disease-fighting mechanism that leaves it defenceless against infections, such as pulmonary tuberculosis, Pneumocystis pneumonia, certain blood infections, candidiasis, invasive cervical cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma or any of over 20 other indicator diseases. No effective treatment is available. A striking feature of AIDS is the wide spectrum and frequency of infections with life-threatening pathogens seldom seen in normal hosts. The illness may begin with insidious signs and symptoms, and the process may be more diffuse than when the same conditions are seen in other immune-compromised patients. Four patterns of disease occur in AIDS patients. The pulmonary pattern, the central nervous system pattern, the gastrointestinal pattern, and the pattern of fever of unknown origin. Most patientswho recover from a given opportunistic infection subsequently either have a relapse or develop a new type of infection. Many patients continue to have a wasting syndrome and experience such infections as oral thrush. Feelings of depression and isolation are common among AIDS patients and can be intensified if health care workers display fear of the syndrome (获得性免疫缺陷综合症是由HIV病毒引起的，表现为机会性感染和/或恶性肿瘤，死亡率十分高。这种综合症能够破坏人体免疫机制，使之对于类似肺结核、卡氏肺囊虫性肺炎、血液感染、念珠菌症、侵入性子宫癌、卡波希氏肉瘤或任何超过二十种指标的疾病失去抵抗力。目前没有有效的治疗方法。艾滋病的一个典型特征是传染病的宽频谱携带了正常寄主上很少见到致命病原体。这种疾病初期可能伴有临床信号和症状，这个过程在一些抵抗力差的病人身上更容易扩散。艾滋病病人可能患有四类疾病，即肺病类、中枢神经系统、，胃肠类和不明原因的发烧类。大多数病人从某种感染中恢复后，最终旧病复发，或者发生新的感染。许多病人会继续发生耗竭综合症并感染类似于鹅口疮的口腔念珠菌病。艾滋病人普遍感觉消沉和孤立；如果医疗工作者表现出对这种综合症的恐惧，那么这种感觉将会加剧。) |
