| English | Chinese |
| air quality impact analysis | 空气质量影响分析 |
| Environment Impact Report | 美国环境影响报告 |
| environment impact statement | 环境影响声明 |
| environmental health impact assessment Assessment of impacts caused by an action on the health conditions of a population | 环境健康影响评估 (人类行为对于特定族群健康状况的影响评估。) |
| environmental impact Any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration | 环境冲击 (因为某活动或某系列活动而导致或诱发任何可能有利、有害的环境状态的改变，或者新的环境的建立。) |
| environmental impact assessment Analysis and judgement of the effects upon the environment, both temporary and permanent, of a significant development or project. It must also consider the social consequences and alternative actions | 环境影响评估 (对环境的重大进展或方案的临时性和永久性分析与判断。必须考虑社会因果关系和可选行为。) |
| environmental impact assessments | 环境影响评价 |
| environmental impact of agriculture Agricultural activities have significant impacts on water quality, including increases in stream sedimentation from erosion, and increases in nutrients, pesticides, and salt concentrations in runoff. In certain regions, the misuse of pesticides has led to the development of pesticide-resistant strains of pests, destroyed natural predators, killed local wildlife, and contaminated human water supplies. Improper application of fertilizers has changed the types of vegetation and fish types inhabiting nearby waterways and rivers | 农业环境影响 (农业活动对水质的显著影响，包含因侵蚀而增加溪流的沉降，径流中营养盐、农药和盐类浓度的增加。某些特定地区，因杀虫剂的不当使用，已产生具有抗药性的昆虫、毁害自然捕食者、造成当地野生动物死亡，并污染人类的水源供给。不当的使用肥料已经改变了栖息在邻近水道与河川的鱼类和植物型态。) |
| environmental impact of aquaculture Fish farming pollutes the water with nutrients, methane and hydrogen sulphide which threaten both farmed fish and other marine life. Dangerous pesticides have been used to treat infestations of sea lice | 水产养殖环境影响 (鱼类养殖所产生的营养盐、甲烷与硫化氢污染了水体，对养殖鱼类与其它水中生物造成的威胁。危害性的杀虫剂已经被用于处理海虱的侵扰。) |
| environmental impact of energy Energy and environmental problems are closely related, since it is nearly impossible to produce, transport, or consume energy without significant environmental impact. The environmental problems directly related to energy production and consumption include air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, and solid waste disposal. The emission of air pollutants from fossil fuel combustion is the major cause of urban air pollution. Diverse water pollution problems are associated with energy usage. One major problem is oil spills. In all petroleum-handling operations, there is a finite probability of spilling oil either on the earth or in a body of water. Coal mining can also pollute water. Changes in groundwater flow produced by mining operations often bring otherwise unpolluted waters into contact with certain mineral materials which are leached from the soil and produce an acid mine drainage. Solid waste is also a by-product of some forms of energy usage. Coal mining requires the removal of large quantities of earth as well as coal. In general, environmental problems increase with energy use and this combined with the limited energy resource base is the crux of the energy crisis. An energy impact assessment should compare these costs with the benefits to be derived from energy use | 能源环境冲击 (能源和环境问题息息相关，因为若要生产、运输或消耗能量而不造成严重的环境冲击是几乎不可能的。环境问题直接与能源的生产和消耗有关，包含空气污染、水污染、热污染和固废弃置。石化燃料燃烧所产生的空气污染物的排放是主要都市空气污染的原因。各样的水污染问题是与能源使用有关联的。 其中主要的问题是石油泄漏。在所有石油的处理操作中，有可能在土地上或水体中发生泄漏。采煤也会污染水体。采矿作业时改变地下水的水流，使得未污染的水与某种矿物(这些矿物是被土壤所过滤出来的)接触而产生酸性的矿物排放水。固体废弃物也是能源使用后的副产产物。) |
| environmental impact of fishing Fishing may have various negative effects on the environment: effluent and waste from fish farms may damage wild fish, seals, and shellfish. Fish farmers use tiny quantities of highly toxic chemicals to kill lice: one overdose could be devastating. So-called by-catches, or the incidental taking of non-commercial species in drift nets, trawling operations and long line fishing is responsible for the death of large marine animals and one factor in the threatened extinction of some species. Some fishing techniques, like the drift nets, yield not only tons of fish but kill millions of birds, whales and seals and catch millions of fish not intended. Small net holes often capture juvenile fish who never have a chance to reproduce. Some forms of equipment destroy natural habitats, for example bottom trawling may destroy natural reefs. Other destructive techniques are illegal dynamite and cyanide fishing | 渔业的环境冲击 (渔业对环境有各种负面的影响：从养渔场排放出的废弃物和放流水可能对野生鱼类、海豹和贝类造成危害。养渔业者使用少量高毒性的化学物质来杀死虱子：一旦过量即会造成灾害。使用拖网常捕获非商业性鱼类，其排钩操作和长线捕鱼的方式是造成大型海洋动物和濒临绝种动物死亡的原因之一。有些捕鱼技术，如拖网，不但捕得吨计的鱼获，更杀死数以百万的鸟类、鲸鱼、海豹、和意外捕捉到的鱼类；小小的网孔经常补捉到尚未成长、还未来得及繁殖的幼鱼。 有些设备也破坏了自然栖息地，如拖网的底部可能破坏自然礁石。其他破坏性的技术如非法炸鱼和用氰化物毒鱼。) |
| environmental impact of forestry The world's forestry resources are shrinking at an alarming rate. The need for foreign exchange encourages many developing countries to cut timber faster than forests can be regenerated. This overcutting not only depletes the resource that underpins the world timber trade, it causes loss of forest-based livelihoods, increases soil erosion and downstream flooding, and accelerates the loss of species and genetic resources | 林业环境冲击 (世界的森林资源正以惊人的速率缩小。因与外国交易上的需要，许多开发中国家其林木砍伐的速率高于造林的速率。这些过度的砍伐不仅耗尽支持国际木材交易的森林资源，也造成倚赖森林维生的生物死亡，且增加土壤的侵蚀和下游的水患，也加速物种和基因资源的消失。) |
| environmental impact of households Household impacts on the environment include domestic heating emissions (hot air, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, water vapour and oxide of nitrogen, sulphur and other trace gases); domestic sewage consisting of human bodily discharges, water from kitchens, bathrooms and laundries; the dumping of bulky wastes such as old washing machines, refrigerators, cars and other objects that will not fit into the standard dustbin and which are often dumped about the countryside, etc. | 家庭环境冲击 (家庭对环境的冲击包含家庭的热排放(热空气、二氧化碳、一氧化碳、水蒸气和氮氧化物、硫氧化物和其它微量气体)；家庭污水含有人体排泄物、厨房污水、浴室和洗衣废水；大型废弃物，如洗衣机、冰箱、汽车和其它物体等不适合投放在标准垃圾箱的废弃物，这些大型废弃物经常被弃置在乡间。) |
| environmental impact of industry The effects on the environment connected with industrial activities are mainly related to the production of industrial wastes that can be divided into various types: solid waste, such as dust particles or slag from coal; liquid wastes from various processes, including radioactive coolants from power stations; and gas wastes, largely produced by the chemical industry | 工业环境冲击 (工业活动对环境的影响主要与工业废弃物之产生有关，其中废弃物可分成数种形式：固体废弃物，如微尘或由煤产生的熔渣；各种过程中产生的废液，包括电厂的辐射冷却水；以及气体废弃物，主要由化学工厂产生。) |
| environmental impact of recreation Recreation and tourism are often accompanied by extensive damage to the environment. Aquatic ecosystems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of an increased tourist trade and the resultant building of hotel accommodations, sewage disposal works, roads, car parks and landing jetties on banks and coastlines; and the increased angling, swimming, water skiing, shooting or use of motor-boats in the water body. These all produce direct deleterious effects when conducted on a massive scale, including shore damage, chemical changes in the water, and sediments and biological changes in the plant and animal communities | 休闲环境冲击 (休闲和旅游总伴随着对环境的过度伤害。水生生态系统尤其易被持续增加的旅游业和伴随的旅馆、污水、道路、停车场和在河岸和海岸线上的防波堤所影响；以及在水体中增加的垂钓、游泳、划水、打猎、和水上船只。当规模渐大时，这些活动都会产生直接危害，包括海岸危害、改变水中和沉积物中的化学成分以及对于植物和动物群落的改变。) |
| environmental impact of tourism Extensive damage to the environment caused by recreation and tourism, including despoiling of coastlines by construction of tourist facilities; pollution of the sea; loss of historic buildings to make way for tourist facilities; loss of agricultural land for airport development, etc. | 观光环境冲击 (由休闲和观光对环境造成的广泛伤害，包括为建设游客设施而掠夺海岸；污染海洋；移除古迹以建设游客设施、变更农地以建设机场等。) |
| environmental impact of transport Impact of transportation-related activities on the environment, in particular, those impacts dealing with air pollution, noise, displacement of people and businesses, disruption of wildlife habitats, and overall growth-inducing effects | 运输环境冲击 (运输相关活动对环境的冲击，特别是有关空气污染、噪音污染、人们和商业的迁移、野生栖息地的破坏以及整体发展所导致的影响。) |
| environmental impact statement A detailed statement which, to the fullest extent possible, identifies and analyses, among other things, the anticipated environmental impact of a proposed action and discusses how the adverse effects will be mitigated | 环境影响说明书 (一份详细的说明，最大程度的鉴别和分析提出的行动预案对环境的预期影响，并讨论如何减轻不利的影响。) |
| environmental impact study Survey conducted to ascertain the conditions of a site prior to the realization of a project, to analyze its possible impacts and compensative measures | 环境影响调查 (计划专案展开前对确定的场所状况所进行的调查，用以分析计划可能带来的冲击和可采取的补救措施。) |
| environmental impact unit | 环境影响单位 |
| final environmental impact report | 最终环境影响报告 |
| final environmental impact statement | 最终环境影响说明 |
| health impact assessment | 健康影响评价 |
| impact assessment Evaluation of the effect of a project upon the environment | 影响冲击评估 (项目对环境影响的评估。) |
| impact minimisation Actions, procedures or installations undertaken to reduce the extent or degree of negative effects on human health and the ecosystem introduced by human design or interaction with the environment | 影响冲击最小化 (为降低因为人为影响及与环境交互作用所致的人类健康及生态体系的负面影响所采取的行动、手段或装置。) |
| impact prevention Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert negative effects on the environment | 影响冲击预防 (避免对于环境的负面影响所实施的预防措施、行动或所安装的设备。) |
| impact reversal The counteracting or undoing of negative effects or influences on the environment | 影响冲击消除 (抵消或消除对环境的负面影响。) |
| impact source Elements of an action which cause damage to the surrounding environment | 影响冲击源 (导致周围环境破坏的行为元素。) |
| socioeconomic impact of biotechnologies Biotechnology is the application of biological and technical solutions to problems, and often refers to the industrial use of microorganisms (perhaps genetically altered) to perform chemical processing, for example of waste or water, or to manufacture hormones or enzymes for medicinal and commercial purposes. Biotechnology offers great potential to increase farm production and food processing efficiency, to lower food costs, to enhance food quality and safety and to increase international competitiveness | 生物技术的社会经济影响 (生物技术是应用生物学和技术的办法以解决问题，往往指的是用微生物工业(也许是转基因)进行的废弃物或水的化学处理，或制造荷尔蒙或酵素医药作为商业用途。生物技术提供了巨大的潜力，增加农业生产和粮食加工效率，降低粮食成本，提高食品质量和安全，并提高国际竞争力。) |
| spill impact mapping | 泄漏影响成图 |
| trade impact on environment Trade impacts on the environment can be direct, such as trade of endangered species, of natural resources, of natural products such as tropical timber, etc., or indirect, such as deforestation, loss of habitats, pollution from mining, from energy production, oil spills, global warming, etc., increases in transport infrastructures | 贸易对环境的影响 (贸易对环境的影响可以是直接的，如濒危特种、自然资源、自然产品(如热带木材)的贸易。也可以是间接的，如森林砍伐、栖息地丧失和因采矿、能源生产、石油泄漏、全球气候变暖等而引起的污染，以及交通运输基础设施的增加。) |
| zero environmental impact | 零环境影响 |
