| Catalan | English |
| abastament agrícola d'aigua | rural water supply |
| abastament d'aigua | water supply A source or volume of water available for use; also, the system of reservoirs, wells, conduits, and treatment facilities required to make the water available and usable |
| abastament urbà d'aigua | urban water supply The distribution of water, including collection, treatment and storage, for use in a town, city or municipal area, and used generally for domestic and industrial needs |
| abocament a l'aigua | emission to water The discharge of solid, liquid or gaseous pollutants or contaminants into a body of water |
| aigua calenta | hot water No definition needed |
| aigua corrent | flowing water Moving waters like rivers and streams |
| aigua costera | coastal water Coastal waters are typically characterized by a shallow continental shelf, gently sloping seaward to a continental slope, which drops relatively abruptly to the deep ocean. The proximity of coastal water to land also influences the water circulation. In the vicinity of freshwater inflows, the nearshore circulation is altered by the presence of density-driven motions. Coastal waters are under enormous environmental stress, caused by a wide range of factors including pollution and the destruction and deterioration of marine habitats |
| aigua crua | raw water Water that has not been treated |
| aigua de consum | water for consumption Consumptive water use starts with withdrawal, but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent use |
| aigua de domini públic | demesnial water A body of water that is owned and maintained by a national governmental body or agency |
| aigua de drenatge | drainage water Incidental surface waters from diverse sources such as rainfall, snow melt or permafrost melt |
| aigua de filtració | seepage water Water that moves slowly through small openings of a porous material such as soil or the amount of water that has been involved in seepage |
| aigua de marea | tidal water Any water whose level changes periodically due to tidal action |
| aigua de percolació | percolating water Subsurface water that passes, under the force of gravity, through rocks or soil along the line of least resistance |
| aigua de procés | process water Water used in a manufacturing or treatment process or in the actual product manufactured. Examples would include water used for washing, rinsing, direct contact, cooling, solution make-up, chemical reactions, and gas scrubbing in industrial and food processing applications. In many cases, water is specifically treated to produce the quality of water needed for the process |
| aigua de residus domèstics | domestic waste water Wastewater principally derived from households, business buildings, institutions, etc., which may or may not contain surface runoff, groundwater or storm water |
| aigua de riu | river water Water which flows in a channel from high ground to low ground and ultimately to a lake or the sea, except in a desert area where it may dwindle away to nothing |
| aigua de sentina | bilge water Water that builds up in the bottom of a ship's bilge |
| aigua del sòl | soil water Water stored in soils |
| aigua dolça | freshwater Water having a relatively low mineral content, generally less than 500 mg/l of dissolved solids |
| aigua dolça de bany | bathing freshwater Freshwater in which bathing is explicitly authorised or in which bathing is not prohibited and is traditionally practised by a large number of bathers. Water in such areas must meet specified quality standards relating to chemical, microbiological and physical parameters |
| aigua d'ús agrícola | water for agricultural use Water used in agriculture for irrigation and livestock. Livestock watering is only 1 percent of the total water withdrawal for agricultural use. Of all functional water uses, irrigation is the largest agricultural use of water |
| aigua d'ús industrial | water for industrial use Water used by industries for purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing and cooling, which is obtained from a public supply or through self-supplied sources |
| aigua marina | sea water Aqueous solution of salts in more or less constant ratio, whose composition depends on several factors among which predominate living organisms, detrital sedimentation and the related chemical reactions. Sea-water accounts for more than 98% of the mass of the hydrosphere and covers just over 70% of the globe. Because of the composition and stability of the oceans, and the way they are controlled, they are of great importance to the climate, and great attention has been given to studying the effects of pollution. Man's activities are believed to be accelerating the change in the composition of sea-water |
| aigua mineral | spring water Water obtained from an underground formation from which water flows naturally to the surface, or would flow naturally to the surface if it were not collected underground |
| aigua mineral | mineral water Water containing naturally or artificially supplied minerals or gases |
| aigua pluvial | rain water Water which falls as rain from clouds |
| aigua potable | drinking water Water that is agreeable to drink, does not present health hazards and whose quality is normally regulated by legislation |
| aigua residual | waste water Used water, or water that is not needed, which is permitted to escape, or unavoidably escapes from canals, ditches, reservoirs or other bodies of water, for which the owners of these structures are legally responsible |
| aigua residual combinada | combined waste water A mixture of domestic or industrial wastewater and surface runoff |
| aigua residual industrial | industrial waste water Waste water that results from industrial processes and manufacturing. It may either be disposed of separately or become part of the sanitary or combined sewage |
| aigua salabrosa | brackish water Water, salty between the concentrations of fresh water and sea water; usually 5-10 parts x thousand |
| aigua salada | salt water Water of the seas, distinguished by high salinity |
| aigua subterrània | groundwater Water that occupies pores and crevices in rock and soil, below the surface and above a layer of impermeable material. It is free to move gravitationally, either downwards towards the impermeable layer or by following a gradient |
| aigua termal | thermal water Water, generally of a spring or geyser, whose temperature is appreciably above the local mean annual air temperature |
| aigua urbana | urban water Water destined for private and public use in a town |
| aireació de l'aigua | water aeration Addition of air to sewage or water so as to raise its dissolved oxygen level |
| anàlisi de l'aigua | water analysis Study of the chemical, physical and biological properties of water |
| biologia de l'aigua dolça | freshwater biology The scientific study or the characteristic life processes of living organisms found in a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river |
| bomba d'aigua | water pump A machine or apparatus used to lift water, usually from a well or borehole, which is powered manually or by engine, wind or some other source |
| captació d'aigua | water collection The catching of water, especially rain water, in a structure such as a basin or reservoir |
| ciències de l'aigua | water science The science that treats the occurrence, circulation, distribution, and properties of the waters of the earth, and their reaction with the environment |
| conservació de l'aigua | water conservation The protection, development and efficient management of water resources for beneficial purposes |
| conservació de l'aigua dolça | freshwater conservation Controlled utilization, protection or improvement of a natural body of water that does not contain significant amounts of dissolved salts and minerals, such as a lake or river |
| consum d'aigua | water consumption The utilization patterns and quantities entailed in a community or human group's use of water for survival, comfort and enjoyment |
| contaminació d'aigua subterrània | groundwater pollution Contamination of any water found under the earth's surface by any leaching pollutants, such as inorganic compounds (chlorides, nitrates, heavy metals, etc.), synthetic organic chemicals (pesticides, fertilizers, etc.) and pathogens (bacteria, parasites, etc.) |
| contaminació de l'aigua | water pollution The manmade or man-induced alteration of the chemical, physical, biological and radiological integrity of water |
| contaminació de l'aigua dolça | fresh water pollution The direct or indirect human alteration of the biological, physical, chemical or radiological integrity of freshwater |
| contaminació de l'aigua dolça | freshwater pollution |
| contaminant de l'aigua | water pollutant A chemical or physical agent introduced to any body of water that may detrimentally alter the natural condition of that body of water and other associated bodies of water |
| control de l'aigua dolça | freshwater monitoring |
| corrosivitat de l'aigua | water corrosivity Complex series of reactions between the water and metal surfaces and materials in which the water is stored or transported. The corrosion process is an oxidation/reduction reaction that returns refined or processed metal to their more stable ore state. With respect to the corrosion potential of drinking water, the primary concerns include the potential presence of toxic metals , such as lead and copper |
| cost d'aigua | water cost The value or the amount of money exchanged for the production and sustained supply of water |
| curs d'aigua | watercourse A natural stream arising in a given drainage basin but not wholly dependent for its flow on surface drainage in its immediate area, flowing in a channel with a well-defined bed between visible banks or through a definite depression in the land, having a definite and permanent or periodic supply of water, and usually, but not necessarily, having a perceptible current in a particular direction and discharging at a fixed point into another body of water |
| cursos d'aigua internacionals | international watercourse Portions of a geographical area which constitutes a hydrogeological unit as the catchment area for a single river which are under the jurisdiction of two or more countries |
| dany per aigua | water damage Water damage can be caused by flooding, severe storms, tidal waves, seismic seawaves, storm surges, etc. |
| degradació de l'aigua dolça | freshwater degradation Pollution immediately or eventually involves the hydrological cycle of the earth, because even pollutants emitted into the air and those present in the soil are washed out by precipitation. Water is considered polluted when it is altered in composition or condition so that it becomes less suitable for any or all of the functions and purposes for which it would be suitable in its natural state. This definition includes changes in the physical, chemical and biological properties of water, or such discharges of liquid, gaseous or solid substances into water as will or are likely to create nuisances or render such water harmful to public health, safety or welfare, or to domestic, commercial, industrial, agricultural, fish or other aquatic life. It also includes changes in temperatures, due to the discharge of hot water |
| demanda d'aigua | water demand |
| desmineralització de l'aigua | water demineralisation The removal of minerals from water by chemical, ion-exchange, or distillation procedures |
| dessalació d'aigua | water desalination Any mechanical procedure or process where some or all of the salt is removed from water |
| dessalació d'aigua marina | sea water desalination Removing salt from ocean or brackish water |
| dipòsit d'aigua | water reservoir Artificial or natural area of water, used for storing water for domestic or industrial use |
| dipòsit d'aigua de pluja | storm water basin Basin used to hold water which falls as rain during a storm |
| Directiva comunitària sobre la protecció de l'aigua | EC directive on water protection Directive concerning the use and management of water resources for a rational economical and social development and the protection of the related environmental features |
| directiva de protecció de l'aigua | water protection directive |
| directiva sobre qualitat de l'aigua | water quality directive EC Directive establishing the rules relating to water for human consumption |
| duresa de l'aigua | water hardness The amount of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in water |
| ecosistema d'aigua dolça | freshwater ecosystem The living organisms and nonliving materials of an inland aquatic environment |
| estalvi d'aigua | water saving Management of water resources aiming at ensuring the continued availability of water for human uses and natural ecosystems |
| extracció d'aigua | water extraction Pumping of water for different purposes (i.e. agriculture, land reclamation, domestic and industrial use, etc.) |
| extracció d'aigua subterrània | groundwater extraction The process, deliberate or inadvertent, of extracting ground water from a source at a rate so in excess of the replenishment that the ground water level declines persistently, threatening exhaustion of the supply or at least a decline of pumping levels to uneconomic depths |
| fons d'aigua | water bottom The floor upon which any body of water rests |
| fuita d'aigua | water seepage The slow movement of water through small openings and spaces in the surface of unsaturated soil into or out of a body of surface or subsurface water |
| gestió de l'aigua | water management Measures taken to ensure an adequate supply of water and a responsible utilization of water resources |
| gestió de l'aigua de superfície | surface water management The administration or handling of water naturally open to the atmosphere (rivers, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, streams, seas, etc.) |
| gestió de qualitat de l'aigua | water quality management Water quality management concerns four major elements: the use (recreation, drinking water, fish and wildlife propagation, industrial or agricultural) to be made of the water; criteria to protect those uses; implementation plans (for needed industrial-municipal waste treatment improvements) and enforcement plans, and an anti-degradation statement to protect existing high quality waters |
| gestió de quantitat d'aigua | water quantity management The administration or handling of the amount of available potable water |
| gestió de recursos d'aigua | water resources management Measures and activities concerning the supply of water, the improvement of efficiency in its use, the reduction of losses and waste, water-saving practices to reduce costs and to slow the depletion of the water supply to ensure future water availability |
| gestió municipal de l'aigua | municipal water management Municipal water management deals with aspects of water supply and water technology concerning planning, processing, building and producing. It also concerns the problems of waste water collection, sewage disposal, waste water treatment in rural areas, water economising measures, water body quality management |
| infiltració d'aigua a la terra | water infiltration into the ground The movement of surface water into soil or rock through cracks and pores |
| instalacions d'abastament d'aigua | waterworks Plant for treating and purifying water before it is pumped into pipes for distribution to houses, factories, schools, etc. |
| interacció aire-aigua | air-water interaction The physical processes at the air-water interface: momentum, heat and mass transfer across the air-water interface, mixing of surface water by wind stress and wave breaking, directional wave spectra and wave forces on offshore structures. The air-water interaction is measured by the turbulence and gas exchanges resulting from the mixing of the water column by wind |
| jacint d'aigua | water hyacinth Floating aquatic plant, Eichornia crassipes of tropical America, having showy bluish-purple flowers and swollen leafstalks: family Pontederiaceae. It forms dense masses in rivers, ponds, etc., and is a serious pest in the southern U.S., Java, Australia, New Zealand, and parts of Africa |
| legislació de protecció de l'aigua | water protection legislation |
| millora de qualitat de l'aigua | water quality improvement Progress in, or betterment of, the environmental condition and integrity of water |
| molí d'aigua | water mill A mill whose power is provided by a large wheel which is turned by moving water, especially a river |
| netejar amb un raig d'aigua | flushing Removing lodged deposits of rock fragments and other debris by water flow at high velocity; used to clean water conduits and drilled boreholes |
| nivell de l'aigua | water level The level reached by the surface of a body of water |
| organisme d'aigua dolça | freshwater organism Organisms which live in freshwater |
| perill per a l'aigua | water endangering Can be caused by a variety of means, e.g. farm pollution from animal wastes and silage liquor (liquors from green leaf cattle food which has had molasses added to promote fermentation and preservation; they are highly polluting and can be a seasonal cause of fish deaths in small streams), leachate from landfill sites, and spoil heaps, solvent discharge to sewers or to land and inadequate sewage treatment works |
| prevenció de contaminació de l'aigua | water pollution prevention Precautionary measures, actions or installations implemented to avert or hinder human-made or human-induced alteration of the physical, biological, chemical and radiological integrity of water |
| protecció d'aigua marina | sea water protection |
| protecció de captació d'aigua | water catchment protection Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm to the environmental integrity of drainage areas used to catch water, such as reservoirs or basins |
| protecció de l'aigua | water protection Measures to conserve surface and groundwater; to ensure the continued availability of water for growing domestic, commercial and industrial uses and to ensure sufficient water for natural ecosystems |
| purificació de l'aigua | water purification Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized |
| puça d'aigua | water flea Fresh-water branchiopod crustaceans characterized by a transparent bivalve shell |
| qualitat de l'aigua | water quality A graded value of the components (organic and inorganic, chemical or physical) which comprise the nature of water |
| quantitat d'aigua residual | residual amount of water Amount of water left in a water course after it has fed a hydropower plant in order to maintain a satisfactory dry-weather-flow for allowing the survival of biotic communities |
| recursos d'aigua dolça | freshwater resource The network of rivers, lakes, and other surface waters that supply water for food production and other essential human systems |
| regeneració d'aigua | water regeneration A process in which naturally occurring microorganisms, plants, trees or geophysical processes break down, degrade or filter out hazardous substances or pollutants from a body of water, cleansing and treating contaminated water without human intervention |
| restauració de l'aigua | restoration of water Any treatment process in which contaminated water is cleansed or corrected, particularly by use of a pump-and-treat approach |
| reutilització de l'aigua | water reuse Use of process wastewater or treatment facility effluent in a different manufacturing process |
| sabor de l'aigua | water taste Taste in water can be caused by foreign matter, such as organic compounds, inorganic salts or dissolved gases. These materials may come from domestic, agricultural or natural sources. Some substances found naturally in groundwater, while not necessarily harmful, may impart a disagreeable taste or undesirable property to the water. Magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, and sodium chloride are but a few of these. Acceptable waters should be free from any objectionable taste at point of use |
| salinitat de l'aigua | water salinity The degree of dissolved salts in water measured by weight in parts per thousand |
| sistema de distribució d'aigua | water distribution system The system of pipes supplying water to communities and industries |
| subministrament d'aigua potable | drinking water supply The provision and storage of potable water, or the amount of potable water stored, for the use of a municipality, or other potable water user |
| supervisió de l'aigua | water monitoring Studies conducted to estimate the quantity and the quality of pollutants, nutrients and suspended solids contained in water bodies and to assess sources and factors associated with agricultural practices, industrial activities or other human activities |
| tractament de l'aigua | water treatment Purification of water to make it suitable for drinking or for any other use |
| tràfic en aigua | traffic on water The movement of boats and other vessels over any water route or area |
| valoració de l'aigua | water pricing Applying a monetary rate or value at which water can be bought or sold |
| àrea de protecció d'aigua potable | drinking water protection area Area surrounding a water recovery plant in which certain forms of soil utilization are restricted or prohibited in order to protect the groundwater |
| ús d'aigua | water utilisation Three types of water use are distinguished: 1. withdrawal, where water is taken from a river, or surface or underground reservoir, and after use returned to a natural water body, e.g. water used for cooling in industrial processes. Such return flows are particularly important for downstream users in the case of water taken from rivers; 2. consumptive, which starts with withdrawal but in this case without any return, e.g. irrigation, steam escaping into the atmosphere, water contained in final products, i.e. it is no longer available directly for subsequent uses; 3. non-withdrawal, i.e. the in situ use of a water body for navigation (including the floating of logs by the lumber industry), fishing, recreation, effluent disposal and hydroelectric power generation |
