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| Russian | English |
| Союз немецких художников | Deutscher Künstlerbund (The Villa Romana was founded in 1905 by the Deutscher Künstlerbund (Association of German Artists) to create a forum for contemporary art controlled by artists and independent from state influence. Andrey Truhachev) |
| союз певцов | Saengerbund |
| таможенный союз | Zollverein |