natural shrinkage of shell(The ultimate goal of the research project is to increase the understanding of the mechanism of formation of these defects, and to find a taper design for the narrow face of the mold that more closely matches the natural shrinkage of the shell, in order to reduce the stress and distortion of mold and other related problems. 本研究项目的最终目的是增加对这些缺陷形成机理的认识,探索与铸坯壳自然收缩更加匹配的结晶器窄面的锥度设计,以期减少结晶器的应力与变形以及其他相关问题。)
upgrade(To insure both blast furnaces would be able to achieve the primary goals of extended campaign life and increased productivity, design of the furnace refractory and cooling systems requires a substantial upgrade. 为了保证两座高炉能够达到提高一代寿命和利用系数的主要目标,炉子耐火材料和冷却系统的设计都需要进行重大改进。)
shrinkage pipe(The objective of this paper is to investigate the formation of shrinkage pipe, so that a better ending process is proposed to reduce the pipe and the crop loss. 本文的目的是对缩管的形成进行研究,因此为了减少缩管和切头损失,本文提出一项更好的尾浇法。)
tube(①The tubes shall be manufactured from steel which shows not more than 0.060 % of sulfur. 钢管应使用含硫量不超过 0.060 %的钢制造。② The edges of the tube are heated by electric induction and pressed together so that they join by welding. 采用电感应法将管边加热并压合在一起,以便对其进行焊接。)