| Chinese | English |
| 一组雷管的平均起爆时间一般稍微偏离标称的起爆时间。这种平均值对公称值的偏移则是第一个影响定时精确的因素。在平均值附近的起爆时间分布是第二个因素 | The mean or average firing time for any group of detonators typically is slightly offset from the nominal firing time. This shift of the mean from the nominal is the first timing accuracy factor. The distribution of the firing times around the mean firing time is the second factor |
| 不明原因损失 | unexplained loss |
| 严重的伤亡事件起因于岩石爆破过程中判断不当或操作失误 | Serious injuries and fatalities result from improper judgment or practice during rock blasting |
| 临界应力强度因数理论推导和计算的应力强度临界水平,单位为N/m³/²。它与脆性裂隙的出现有关 | critical stress intensity factor KIC |
| 乳化炸药具有类似黄油的油包水结构、因此防水性能极好 | Due to its water-in-oil structure similar to butter, emulsion has perfect water resistance |
| 事故致因理论探索事故发生规律，阐明事故为什么会发生，事故是怎样发生的，以及如何防止事故发生的理论。由于这些理论着重解释事故发生的原因,以及针对事故致因因素如何采取措施防止事故,所以被称为事故致因理论。事故致因理论是指导事故预防工作的基本理论 | accident cause theory |
| 产生聚能效应的原因带锥孔的圆柱形药柱爆炸后,当爆轰波前进到了锥体部分,其爆轰产物则沿着锥孔内表面垂直的方向飞出。由于飞岀速度相等、药形对称，爆轰产物要聚集在轴线上,汇集成一股速度和压力都很高的气流，称为聚能流。它具有极高的速度、密度、压力和能量密度。爆轰产物的能量集中在靶板的较小面积上，便能产生聚能效应 | reason for cumulative effect |
| 人为因素 | thaw human factor |
| 人为因素误差 | human-equation error |
| 人为失误原因菲雷尔 〈Russel Ferrell〉认为,作为事故原因的人为失误其发生可以归结到下述 3个方面的原因: 1. 超过人的能力的过负荷。 2. 与外界刺激的要求不一致的反应。 3. 由于不知道正确方法或故障采取不恰当的行为 | causes of human error |
| 他因受到抢劫杀人罪的指控而被捕 | He was arrested for being charged with robbery and murder |
| 他因腐败而免职 | His displacement from office was caused by corruption |
| 他们成功地采用了超声波技术把鱼赶走、有效避免爆破对珍贵鱼类和其他水生物的不利影响、因而体现了工程建设与生态保护的和谐 | They have successfully adopted ultrasonic technology to drive away fish, which effectively avoided the impact of blasting on such valuable fish and other aquatic organisms, thus reflecting the harmony of engineering construction and ecological protection |
| 代数方程因式分解 | face factorization of algebraic equations |
| 众所周知、不同类型岩石的破碎特点差别很大、尤其在破碎曲线的细端变化大、因为岩石破碎受自身的内在属性控制、而不是受岩石自身的大缺陷和结构的控制 | The breakage characteristics of different rock types are known to vary over a wide range, especially at the fine end of the fragmentation curve where breakage is controlled by the inherent properties of the rock substance itself, rather than being controlled by its larger scale flaws and structure |
| 众所周知、所谓温室气体在大气中的浓度增加进而这种气体吸收反射的红外线、导致全球温度上升。据信、大气温室气体浓度的增加、正是近来测到全球气候变暖的原因之一 | Increased atmospheric concentrations of so-called greenhouse gases GHGs are known to increase global temperatures by absorption of reflected infrared radiation and are believed to be contributing to the recently measured global warming |
| 修定因数 | calibration factor |
| 内在环境因素 | intrinsic environmental factor |
| 冲击波压力损失与炸药的爆炸压力有关、可以通过计算炸药的密度和爆速来估算。因此、炸药的冲击波压力损失的测定可以通过实验引人一些诸如温度、静态和动态预压及导爆索支线等变量来确定 | The shock pressure loss is related to the explosive's detonation prepressure, which can be estimated by knowing the density and detonation velocity of the explosive. Therefore, the SLF for a test explosive can be experimentally determined by introducing in the test certain additional variables, such as temperature,static and dynamic pre-compression and detonating cord downline |
| 减速因素 | retarding factor |
| 制止因素 | deterrence |
| 刺激因素 | fuel |
| 刺激因素 | catalytic |
| 功率因素 VS 能量因素 | power factor vs energy factor |
| 危险因素能对人造成伤亡或对物造成突发性损坏的因素 | hazardous factors |
| 压缩因子 | compensation factor |
| 原因 | consideration |
| 可控因素 | controllable factor |
| 吉罗达因胶质炸药 | Gelodyn |
| 含煤岩系成因标志反映含煤岩系沉积环境、形成条件的标志。包括岩石的物质成分、结构、层理、化石、结核、包裹体以及岩层间接触关系等 | genetic marking of coal-bearing formation |
| 含煤岩系成因标志反映含煤岩系沉积环境、形成条件的标志。包括岩石的物质成分、结构、层理、化石、结核、包裹体以及岩层间接触关系等 | genetic marking coal-bearing series |
| 品质因数用于岩石支护目的的岩体分类因数，隧道掘进中超爆与品质因数相关 | Q-factor |
| 因不法行为遭到媒体抨击的官员 | officials blasted by the media for their wrong doings |
| 因与果 | cause and effect |
| 因为缺乏成熟的机械破碎模型、爆破行业只好依赖经验方法 | The blasting industry has had to rely on empirical approaches in the absence of a proven mechanistic fragmentation model |
| 因亏损而减少 | charge off |
| 因情况而异的 | contingent |
| 因数 | prime |
| 因果关系的 | cause-and-effect |
| 因果图表 | cause and effect diagram |
| 因果律 | lawn of causation |
| 因此、无法用理想的爆轰法则提前明确量化温室气体量 | Thus, no definitive quantification of GHGs Greenhouse Gases can be done a priority using ideal detonation codes |
| 因爆破事宜引起的民事纠纷 | civil dispute arising from a blasting project |
| 因特网又称互联网，全球最大的、开放的、由众多网络互联而成的计算机网络。这是因特网的一般性定义，意味着全世界采用开放性协议的计算机都能互相通信。狭义的因特网指上述网中所有采用 IP 协议的网络互联而成的网络，通常称作 IP 因特网 | Internet |
| 因病虫害毁坏的葡萄苗 | grape seedlings blasted by insect diseases |
| 限制因素 | limitation |
| 在有多重共线性的情况下、就会出现多余的自变量、这样会使自变量对应变量产生错误影响。多重共线性是否存在、可以通过对自变量的方差膨胀因子的计算来检验 | In the presence of multicollinearity,redundancy of the independent variables exists, which can lead to erroneous effects by the independent variables on the dependent variable. The existence of multicollinearity can be checked from a calculation of the variance inflation factor VIF of the independent variables |
| 在爆破中产生飞石所消耗的能量低于传递给岩石全部能量的1%、因此以这种形式浪费的爆炸能可以说微不足道 | The energy spent in creating flyrock during blasting is less than 1 % of the total energy transferred to the rock, hence the wastage of explosive energy in this form maybe insignificant |
| 在"纯"硝甘炸药中、硝甘是主要能源、因各种活性吸收剂的反应而加强威力 | In'straight' dynamites,nitroglycerin is the principal energy source, augmented by the reaction of various active absorbents。 |
| 地地貌成因 | morphogenesis |
| 地质因素 | geologic factors |
| 地质上的不确定因素 | geological uncertainty |
| 对所预测的碎岩粒度分布的粗端往往给以过高估计、这是因为碎岩最大粒度不受模型中岩体结构的影响 | The coarse end of the predicted fragmentation size distribution is often over-estimated because the fragment top size is not influenced by the structure of the rock mass in the model |
| 岩石质量因数用于地震冲击波的衰减。声波穿越岩石时由周期最高贮存能 Wₘₐₓ 部分损失 Wₗ 决定的岩石内地震波衰减因数。 Q=2πWₘₐₓ/Wₗ 该式适用于因介质内存在缺陷而使能量损失的不完整介质中声波的传播 | Q |
| 岩石质量因数用于地震冲击波的衰减。声波穿越岩石时由周期最高贮存能 Wₘₐₓ 部分损失 Wₗ 决定的岩石内地震波衰减因数。 Q=2πWₘₐₓ/Wₗ 该式适用于因介质内存在缺陷而使能量损失的不完整介质中声波的传播 | rock quality factor |
| 巷道壁控制因素 | wall control factors |
| 应力减小因子 | stress reduction factor |
| 应力强度因数模式 I 开口模式裂缝〈Kᵢ〉,模式 II 滑动模式裂缝〈Kᵢᵢ,模式 III 剪切模式裂缝 <, Kᵢᵢᵢ〉,<, n/m3/2>, , 说明裂缝因加载荷而变形的状态和程度的分析量。通常， IF 用作裂缝“危险性”的一个量度。数学上,SIF 系裂缝奇点的大小 | stress intensity factor SIF |
| 影响地面震动因素 | factors influencing ground vibrations |
| 影响定时精确的因素 | timing accuracy factor |
| 影响最大保护距离的因素 | factors affecting maximum protection range |
| 影响气体超压的因素 | factors influencing air overpressure |
| 影响空气冲击波释放的可控因素是装药重量、炮孔直径、抵抗线、堵塞高度和爆炸定向 | controllable factors that affect airblast emission include charge weight, hole diameter, burden, stemming height and blast orientation |
| 影响聚能效果的因素试验表明，锥孔处爆轰产物向轴线汇聚时，有下列两个因素在起作用: 1. 爆轰产物质点以一定速度沿近似垂直于锥面的方向向轴线汇聚,使能量集中。 2. 爆轰产物的压力本来就很高，汇聚时在轴线处成更高的压力区,高压迫使爆轰产物向周围低压区压膨胀,使能量分散 | influence factors of cumulative effect |
| 影响装药量的因素影响装药量的因素很多，主要有: 1. 炸药的性能。 2. 被爆体材料性质。 3. 爆破条件。 4. 爆破类型以及爆破的要求，参见 factors determining charge | influence factors of charge quantity |
| 影响装药量的因素影响装药量的因素很多，主要有: 1. 炸药的性能, 2. 被爆体材料性质, 3. 爆破条件, 4. 爆破类型以及爆破的要求。参见 influence factors of charge quantity | factors determining charge |
| 影响钻孔质量的因素 | factors influencing drill performance |
| 影响钻孔选择的因素 | factors influencing drill choice |
| 成因素 | contribute |
| 把…作为因素计人 | factor |
| 拒爆原因 | misfire cage |
| 损伤因子 | damage factor |
| 排放系数用来估算因爆破释放到大气中的飞尘量、而这里所报道的模型则估算爆堆碎为尘粒后的整个比例 | The emission factors are intended to estimate the amount of dust liberated into the atmosphere by the blast, whereas the modeling reported here estimates the total proportion of the muck pile broken to dust sized particles |
| 无因次阻力函数 | dimensionless resistance function |
| 7 是 21 的因数 | 7 is a prime of 21 |
| 有害因素能影响人的身体健康，导致疾病或对物造成慢性损坏的因素 | harmful factors |
| 标度因子 | scaling factors |
| 此外、对爆生气体的实地测量受上述所有因素变化无常的影响、所以测量结果是一组范围值 | Furthermore, field measurements of detonation gases are subject to variability in all the factors mentioned before, and at best could provide a certain range of results |
| 比例因子 | scaling factors |
| 气体的形成在很大程度上取决于诸多因素、如现场实际爆轰条件、岩石类型、炮孔直径、有没有水以及炸药在炮孔中是否均匀等 | The gas composition is strongly dependent on many factors such as actual field detonation conditions, rock type,hole diameter,water presence,product homogeneity in the hole |
| 流动资金因亏损而锐减 | The circulating capital has charged off considerably |
| 潜在的不稳定因素 | potential instability |
| 激发因素 | inducing factor |
| 激发因素 | exciting factor |
| 然而、制造炸药使用生物燃料代替化石燃料的结果、会使二氧化碳的整体排量降低、因为生物燃料在生长期从大气中消除同样当量的二氧化碳 | However, the use of biofuels instead of fossil fuels in explosives would result in lower overall CO₂ emissions, as the biofuel growth phase removes an equivalent amount of CO₂ from the atmosphere |
| 然而、大规模减少单位炸药消耗量是不可取的、因为这样反倒影响破碎作用和排石量 | It is not recommended, however, to reduce the powder factor significantly because it will adversely affect the fragmentation and |
| 然而、爆破所用炸药的特性、岩石类型或地质构造的物理特性或爆破定时起爆顺序及由于这些因素的微妙差别所产生的相互影响均要考虑 | There is no simple way, however, to take into account the interactions resulting from subtle differences in the characteristics of the explosives the blaster had at his disposal, the physical characteristics of specific rock types or geological formations, or the effect of the changes in timing of the initiation sequence on his blast |
| 然而、这样的测量需要涵盖多种条件和炸药、且可能因耗费大、耗时多而受限制 | It might be argued that measurements of gas concentrations arising from real field conditions could provide an improved approach,however such programs would need to cover a wide range of conditions and explosives and could be prohibitively expensive and time-consuming |
| 煤成因类型根据成煤的原始植物和聚积环境而划分的类型 | genetic coal type |
| 煤成因类型根据成煤的原始植物和聚积环境而划分的类型 | genetic type of coal |
| 爆炸事故致因爆炸事故发生的难易程度，危害程度与下列因素有关: 1. 爆炸物品自身的稳定性。 2. 使用人员的操作正确性。 3. 环境条件的变化性。 4. 劳保护具的防护能力 | causes of explosive accident |
| 爆破中所用的炮泥类型和分量以及对阶梯地形的处理、会大大地影响抛向空中的物质的多寡、因此也大大地影响一次爆破中可能喷出的飞尘比例 | The type and adequacy of the stemming material used and the management of progressive relief during detonation have a strong influence on the amount of material thrown into the air and hence the proportion of dust likely to be emit ted from a blast |
| 爆破器材原因 | explosives product factors |
| 爆破效果差的原因 | sources of poor blasting results |
| 爆破效果差的原因总结 | summary of sources of poor blasting performance |
| 爆破模型的不确定因素 | uncertainty of blasting models |
| 爆破现场影响钻孔施工的因素 | factors affecting drill operation on the blast site |
| 爆破设计原因 | blast design factors |
| 环境因子构成环境组成的下一个层次的基本单元。如属于气候要素的气温、降水、湿度、风等 | environmental factor |
| 现场地下环境因素 | underground site factors |
| 用质点振速表示爆破地震效应强度的原因1. 质点振动速度不受覆盖层类型及其厚度的影响。 2. 可适用于不同的测量仪器、不同的测量方法和不同的爆破条件。(3)结构的破坏与质点振动速度的相关关系比位移或加速度更为密切 | reason for using particle vibrating velocity to illustrate blasting vibration intensity |
| 由于地压原因、房子地基向南位移 | a southward displacement of the foundation of a house by the earth pressure |
| 由于对爆破影响最大的因素是地质、所以复杂的地质结构会使小规模的岩石爆破成为真正的爆破设计难题 | Since the factor having the greatest influence over blasting is geology, complex geologic structures can make small fragmentation a true blast design challenge |
| 由于膨胀气体挤压这种物质、致使能量损失速度快、爆后产物的压力和温度迅速下降。这些损失作为膨胀波传到反应区之内、因而降低了压力和反应速率、且最终消除了对爆震波面传播的能量支持 | As the expanding gases compress such material, energy is lost rapidly and pressure and temperature drop sharply in the reaction products. These losses are communicated to the interior of the reaction zone as a rarefaction wave, lowering the pressure and reaction rate, and ultimately removing support far the propagation of the detonation front |
| 由爆破效应引起的且未加控制的碎石飞片是爆破事故的主要原因之一 | The uncontrolled flying fragments generated by the effects of a blast are one of the prime causes in blasting-related accidents |
| 破碎因数 | breaking factor |
| 空隙因数 | void factor |
| 粒度因素 | gradation factor |
| 粗心大意往往是蒙受巨大损失的直接原因 | Carelessness is often the direct cause of great losses |
| 纵向几何因子 | vertical geometrical factor |
| 缩放因子 | scaling factors |
| 老板有意辞退一些雇员、因为他有雇佣权和解雇权 | The boss intends to fire some of his employees, for he has the right to hire and fire |
| 而且、非理想爆轰包括反应不完全、不平衡以及反应区内、外的复杂反应流和膨胀。假设中的理想爆轰则完全没有这些因素 | Furthermore, nonideal detonation involves incomplete reactions, non-equilibrium and complex reactive flow and expansion within and beyond the reaction zone. All these conditions are entirely excluded from ideal code calculations |
| 肺部大出血引起的窒息可能是海洋哺乳动物死于水下冲击波的主要原因 | Suffocation caused by lung haemorrhage is likely to be the major cause of marine mammal death from underwater shock waves |
| 药包埋深不仅是决定空气压力强度的主要因素、而且对脉冲频率及持续时间也有影响 | The depth of burial of the charges is not only a primary factor in determining the intensity of the air pressures, but it also has an effect on the frequency and duration of the pulses |
| 补偿因子 | compensation factor |
| 调查结果表明、飞石事故是由以下一个以上的因素促成的: 地质及岩石结构的非连续性、炮孔布置和装药量不适当、抵抗线不足、炸药能量高度集中、填塞不足 | Investigations of flyrock accidents have revealed one or more of the following contributing factors: I discontinuity in the geology and rock structure,II improper blast hole layout and loading, III insufficient burden, IV very high explosive concentration, and V inadequate stemming |
| 起爆系统因素 | initiating system factors |
| 起爆系统因素 | priming system factors |
| 起爆系统因素 | initiation system factors |
| 近来、人们把研究的重点大多放在破碎曲线的细端、以探索爆破的潜力、因为爆破的结果会影响到含金属矿石随后的粉碎和加工制造过程 | More recent focus has been provided on the finer end of the fragmentation curve to explore the potential of blasting to influence the subsequent crushing and nulling performance of metalliferous ores |
| 这些人往往会因为微不足道的琐事而大发雷霆 | These guys tend to explode at any moment over the least thing |
| 这些制约着地下煤开采水平的混杂因素以及影响整个开采过程的地质因素、技术因素和经济因素复杂关系之间的相互作用、已在上文作了详细探讨 | The motley of factors that constrain the level of recovery in underground extraction of coal and the complex interplay of geologic, technologic and economic factors affection the overall recovery process have been discussed above in detail |
| 迟爆事故的原因主要有以下几点: 1. 电雷管受潮变质，起爆力不足，雷管起爆后未能引爆炸药。 2. 炸药感度较低，雷管起爆后炸药燃烧，隔一段时间又转为爆炸。 3. 火雷管起爆发生事故的原因主要是导火索速燃、爆燃而引起早爆及缓燃、阻燃而引起的迟爆 | causes of hangfire |
| 通常用于爆破设计和破碎模型中的这些参数、都是静态的、而非动态性质、只不过在用于模型时经验因素弥补了这种反常 | The parameters that are generally used in blast design and fragmentation modeling are the static rather than the dynamic properties, but empirical factors used in the models compensate for this anomaly |
| 造成这种问题的原因是嫌成本高、要求的技术难度大、以及供货商的态度 | Among the reasons for this were the perceived higher cost, the greater sophistication required, and supplier attitudes |
| 那架飞机因被导弹击中而凌空爆炸 | The plane blew up in its flight after it was hit by a missile |
| 阻力因子 | damping factor |
| 阿莫边因安全炸药 | Ammodyne |
| 除了与地质和距离有关的因素外、还有一些因素与爆破作业设计直接相关。其中最重要的是每次延迟的最大装药量、即每次要爆炸的炸药最大量有时标明为每8毫秒间隔爆炸的炸药量 | In addition to factors that are related to geology and distance are those factors that are related directly to the design of blasting operations. The most important of these is the maximum charge weight per delay: that is, the maximum quantity of explosive that detonates at one time sometimes specified as being that which detonates within any eight millisecond period of time |
| 飞石产生的主要原因包括抵抗线不足、炮泥长度不够、钻孔不精确、单位炸药消耗量过多、地质条件不利露天节理、矿层不稳固和空穴、延时定时和序列不当、延时不精确、发生反向爆破、以及台阶上部岩石松散等 | The major causes of flyrock are inadequate burden, inadequate stemming length, drilling inaccuracy, excessive powder factor,unfavorable geological conditions open joints, weak seams and cavities, inappropriate delay timing and sequence, inaccuracy of delays, back break and loose rock on top of the bench |
