старый игрок(противопоставляется новым игрокам – компаниям, пытающимся выйти на рынок A.Rezvov); доминирующая компания(However, a new social media service cannot undercut Facebook on price, and a new search engine cannot undercut Google; they are already free. To understand the additional hurdles a challenger must face, it is important to understand the forces that led to the growth of the incumbent in the first place.A.Rezvov)
лицо, замещающее должность(Alexander Demidov); соискатель(должности; термин используется в описаниях вакансий, напр. • The incumbent will provide technical assistance on natural resource management issues and help identify projects for possible grant funding. • [When wirting a job description,] include the number of years of actual work experience the incumbent will need in addition to the education requirements above.4uzhoj)
традиционный оператор связи(Competitors were enabled to buy access to key parts of the incumbents’ phone networks at regulated wholesale rates, allowing them to offer DSL service and compete in the retail market without deploying their own network. • For instance, in Bermuda, prior to opening the market, the incumbent had to subject all proposed broadband tariffs to regulatory review.A.Rezvov)
