Stephen IV(or V) (Pope from June 816 to January 817. Immediately after his consecration he ordered the Romans to swear fidelity to the Carolingian emperor Louis I the Pious; V)
Stephen VI(or VII) (Pope from May 896 to August 897. Deprived of papal insignia, he was imprisoned and strangled. Twelve years of blood, intrigue, and terror followed; VII)
Stephen VIII or IXPope from 939 to 942. He supported the important Cluniac reform of monasticism in Europe under the influence of Abbot St. Odo of Cluny(IX)
Stephen III(or IV) (Pope from August 768 to 772 who approbated the worship of icons for the Eastern Church and extended the rights of cardinal bishops for the Western Church; IV)
Stephen V(or VI) (Pope from 885 to 891 whose pontificate witnessed the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire and intermittent struggles for the Italian crown; VI)
Stephen VII(or VIII) (Pope from 929 to 931. He extended privileges to Italian and French monasteries, but otherwise the history of his pontificate is practically unknown. He may have been assassinated; VIII)
